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91.
This paper discusses the use of Internet by public relations departments in the United Arab Emirates, to reach their key publics online and to gather information and monitor data to perform their tasks and to promote and develop their relations with the news media. Findings of the study show that all 24 organizations have a homepage, but only two thirds of them are posting their publications on the net, and only one third are using electronic newspapers to monitor their coverage in the media and to gather news, data and information of importance for the various tasks they perform. Only three organizations out of 24 have an online newsroom, and only two have a virtual tour about the organization. None of the surveyed organizations’ Web site has a film or videos. Organizations in the United Arab Emirates still have a lot to do to take advantage fully and rationally of what interactive communication, Internet and online publications are offering for a better performance and more effective public relations. 相似文献
92.
A model integrating the permanent income and relative income hypotheses was employed to explain consumer expenditure behavior in the U.S. The model was empirically tested using data from the interview survey portion of the 1996 and 1997 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The results indicate that household expenditure behavior is generally explained by both hypotheses when integrated in one model. 相似文献
93.
Data from two parallel household surveys conducted in Iraq by UNICEF in 1999 show that under-5 mortality declined steadily from 1974 to 1990, reaching about 63 per 1,000 live births in the period 1986-90. It then rose dramatically to 118 per 1,000 in 1991, the year of the Gulf War. The number of 'excess' under-5 deaths (i.e., the number in excess of the number predicted from past trends) in Iraq between 1991 and 1998 was calculated assuming that, instead of the rates measured by the 1999 survey for this period, either (a) average mortality rates for the period 1986-90 had been maintained, or (b) mortality had continued to decline at the rate observed between 1974 and 1990. According to these calculations, the estimated number of excess deaths resulting from the Gulf War and its aftermath up to 1998 was between 400,000 (assumption a) and 500,000 (assumption b). 相似文献
94.
Prior research on computer-mediated discussions examined their effects on knowledge acquisition without considering the role of the discussion representation. In this study, we investigate and compare the effect of semantic network discussion representations on knowledge acquisition to that of the threaded representations featured in most traditional discussion forums. Furthermore, we identify, define and operationalize a new, i.e., conceptual facilitation (validation of the conceptual organization of the discussion), assessing its role in knowledge acquisition at different levels of restrictiveness. The empirical results of a field experiment indicate that semantic network discussion representations enable the acquisition of more complex and better-integrated knowledge structures than threaded discussion representations. Conceptual facilitation forms entailing different levels of restrictiveness are also found to play a significant role. As the level of conceptual facilitation restrictiveness decreases, knowledge acquisition improves. Our findings empirically demonstrate the importance of accounting for discussion representation as a contingency factor in explaining group discussion processes and outcomes. To practitioners, our study provides empirical evidence on the advantages of semantic networks over threaded representations as an alternative mode for computer-mediated discussion representations. We also suggest guidelines for the selection of appropriate conceptual facilitation for discussion forums intended for knowledge acquisition. 相似文献
95.
The object of this paper is a Bayesian analysis of the autoregressive model X t ?=?ρX t?1?+?Y t where 0?Y t are independent random variables with an exponential distribution of parameter θ. Our study generalizes some results obtained by Turkmann (1990). Our analysis is based on a more general non-informative prior which allows us to improve the estimators of ρ and θ. 相似文献
96.
In this article, we present an alternative test of discordancy in samples of univariate circular data. The new technique is based on the effect of existence of an outlier on the summation of circular distances of the point of interest to all other points. The percentage points are calculated and the performance is examined. We compare the performance of the test in detecting an outlier with other tests and show that the new approach performs relatively better than other known tests. As an illustration a practical example is presented. 相似文献
97.
In this article, a general approach to latent variable models based on an underlying generalized linear model (GLM) with factor analysis observation process is introduced. We call these models Generalized Linear Factor Models (GLFM). The observations are produced from a general model framework that involves observed and latent variables that are assumed to be distributed in the exponential family. More specifically, we concentrate on situations where the observed variables are both discretely measured (e.g., binomial, Poisson) and continuously distributed (e.g., gamma). The common latent factors are assumed to be independent with a standard multivariate normal distribution. Practical details of training such models with a new local expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, which can be considered as a generalized EM-type algorithm, are also discussed. In conjunction with an approximated version of the Fisher score algorithm (FSA), we show how to calculate maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters, and to yield inferences about the unobservable path of the common factors. The methodology is illustrated by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study and the results show promising performance. 相似文献
98.
ABSTRACTEstimating functionshave been shown to be convenient to study inference for non linear time series models. Recently, Thavaneswaran et al. (2012) used combined estimating functions to study inference for random coefficient autoregressive (RCA) models with generalized autoregressive heteroscedasticity errors. While most RCA modeling assumes that the random term and the error are independent, Chandra and Taniguchi (2001) studied inference for RCA models with correlated errors using linear estimating functions. In this paper, we derive the quadratic estimating functions for the joint estimation of the conditional mean, variance, and correlation parameters of the RCA models with correlated errors. 相似文献
99.
Mohamed M. Shoukri 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(17):1919-1934
In an expository paper, Siddiqui (1962), presented and investigated the origin of the Rayleigh Power Distribution.He also discussed the problems of estimation and fitting the distribution to some numerical data. In this article we discuss two problems connected with the Rayleigh Amplitude Distribution (RAD). The first is an extension to the work done by Siddiqui on estimation, where the second is concerned with testing the equality of several Rayleigh Amplitude Distributions, and in this context we derive the asymptotic null distribution of the test criterion. 相似文献
100.
Inverse Adaptive Cluster Sampling with Unequal Selection Probabilities: Case Studies on Crab Holes and Arsenic Pollution
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Mohammad Salehi Mohammad Moradi Jassim A. Al Khayat Jennifer Brown Adil Eltayeb Mohamed Yousif 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2015,57(2):189-201
Adaptive cluster sampling is an efficient method of estimating the parameters of rare and clustered populations. The method mimics how biologists would like to collect data in the field by targeting survey effort to localised areas where the rare population occurs. Another popular sampling design is inverse sampling. Inverse sampling was developed so as to be able to obtain a sample of rare events having a predetermined size. Ideally, in inverse sampling, the resultant sample set will be sufficiently large to ensure reliable estimation of population parameters. In an effort to combine the good properties of these two designs, adaptive cluster sampling and inverse sampling, we introduce inverse adaptive cluster sampling with unequal selection probabilities. We develop an unbiased estimator of the population total that is applicable to data obtained from such designs. We also develop numerical approximations to this estimator. The efficiency of the estimators that we introduce is investigated through simulation studies based on two real populations: crabs in Al Khor, Qatar and arsenic pollution in Kurdistan, Iran. The simulation results show that our estimators are efficient. 相似文献