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51.
This paper proffers a dialogical theory of decision-making: decision-makers (DMs) are engaged in two modes of rational decisions, instrumental and existential. Instrumental rational decisions take place when the DM views the self externally to the objects, whether goods or animate beings. Existential rational decisions take place when the DM views the self in union with such objects. While the dialogical theory differs from Max Weber’s distinction between two kinds of rationality, it follows Martin Buber’s philosophical anthropology. The paper expounds the ramifications of the dialogical theory in understanding structures of exchange considering assessments of diverse thinkers.
相似文献52.
53.
Adjusting for covariates makes efficient use of data and can improve the precision of study results or even reduce sample sizes. There is no easy way to adjust for covariates in a non-inferiority study for which the margin is defined as a risk difference. Adjustment is straightforward on the logit scale, but reviews of clinical studies suggest that the analysis is more often conducted on the more interpretable risk-difference scale. We examined four methods that allow for adjustment on the risk-difference scale: stratified analysis with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) weights, binomial regression with an identity link, the use of a Taylor approximation to convert results from the logit to the risk-difference scale and converting the risk-difference margin to the odds-ratio scale. These methods were compared using simulated data based on trials in HIV. We found that the CMH had the best trade-off between increased efficiency in the presence of predictive covariates and problems in analysis at extreme response rates. These results were shared with regulatory agencies in Europe and the USA, and the advice received is described. 相似文献
54.
Amy Waller Jamie Bryant Emilie Cameron Mohamed Galal Ian Symonds Rob Sanson-Fisher 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(6):489-495
Background
Detection and management of antenatal risk factors is critical for quality care.Aims
To determine (1) women’s views about when they should be asked about antenatal health factors as recommended in the Australian antenatal guidelines; and (2) the time required to provide recommended care using a clinical scenario.Methods
In Phase 1, pregnant women attending an outpatient obstetrics clinic at a public hospital were surveyed about preferred screening for antenatal risk factors during visit(s). In Phase 2, a hypothetical clinical scenario of a woman attending her first antenatal visit with a practising midwife was video-recorded to extrapolate the time taken to ask about and offer assistance to manage clinical, screening and lifestyle risk factors.Findings
Most women (96%) perceived they should be asked about each of the risk factors at least once (i.e. at first visit). Total time taken to ask about all risk factors was 52 min. More time was spent discussing clinical (11 min) than lifestyle factors (4 min). Adjusting for the estimated prevalence of each risk factor, the time taken to offer assistance was 8 min per woman. Average time required for detecting and offering assistance to manage risk factors is 60 min per average risk woman.Conclusion
Women are willing to be asked about risk factors; however this process is time-consuming. Strategies to streamline visits and prioritise recommendations so time-efficient yet comprehensive care can be delivered are needed, particularly when factors require monitoring over time and for those who may be ‘at-risk’ for multiple factors. 相似文献55.
Using micro data from the 2010 National Survey on Households’ Budget, Consumption and Standard of Living, this study aims to investigate main factors contributing to poverty distribution, one of the most severe socioeconomic problems in Tunisia. To this end, we use a multilevel Logit model and a multilevel mixed linear model to simultaneously analyze the micro-level (household) and macro-level (governorate) factors that might affect the household poverty status. Household size, household composition, occupation, education levels, the gender of the household head and the number of earner by household variables were assessed at the micro-level. Unemployment rate, poverty rate, industrial and agriculture parts and the migration are included to control the effect of contextual effects. Our findings showed that the likelihood of household being poor is positively and significantly related to household size, more children and lower education level. Extreme poverty is more likely to occur in rural than urban areas. Macro-level analyses indicated that greater neighbourhood unemployment rate was associated with higher odds of poverty, while greater industrial agglomeration and migration balance were associated with reduced odds of poverty. 相似文献
56.
M. M. M. Mohie El-Din M. M. Amein Samar Mohamed 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2017,87(7):1292-1304
In this paper, based on an adaptive Type-II progressively censored sample from the generalized exponential distribution, the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators are derived for the unknown parameters as well as the reliability and hazard functions. Also, the approximate confidence intervals of the unknown parameters, and the reliability and hazard functions are calculated. Markov chain Monte Carlo method is applied to carry out a Bayesian estimation procedure and in turn calculate the credible intervals. Moreover, results from simulation studies assessing the performance of our proposed method are included. Finally, an illustrative example using real data set is presented for illustrating all the inferential procedures developed here. 相似文献
57.
A coloring c of a graph \(G=(V,E)\) is a b -coloring if for every color i there is a vertex, say w(i), of color i whose neighborhood intersects every other color class. The vertex w(i) is called a b-dominating vertex of color i. The b -chromatic number of a graph G, denoted by b(G), is the largest integer k such that G admits a b-coloring with k colors. Let m(G) be the largest integer m such that G has at least m vertices of degree at least \(m-1\). A graph G is tight if it has exactly m(G) vertices of degree \(m(G)-1\), and any other vertex has degree at most \(m(G)-2\). In this paper, we show that the b-chromatic number of tight graphs with girth at least 8 is at least \(m(G)-1\) and characterize the graphs G such that \(b(G)=m(G)\). Lin and Chang (2013) conjectured that the b-chromatic number of any graph in \(\mathcal {B}_{m}\) is m or \(m-1\) where \(\mathcal {B}_{m}\) is the class of tight bipartite graphs \((D,D{^\prime })\) of girth 6 such that D is the set of vertices of degree \(m-1\). We verify the conjecture of Lin and Chang for some subclass of \(\mathcal {B}_{m}\), and we give a lower bound for any graph in \(\mathcal {B}_{m}\). 相似文献
58.
Religiosity is a significant cultural force influencing various dimensions of consumer behaviours; however, its role in the literature on fashion clothing remains unclear. To rectify this paucity of information, this study explores the relationship between religiosity, materialism and fashion clothing involvement (FCI); and religiosity, materialism and fashion clothing purchase involvement (FCPI). Using a sample of 282 Malaysian Generation Y consumers, it employs a positivist research approach, comprising of a quantitative basis of enquiry, and gathered data via survey questionnaires. The research findings show that religiosity moderates the relationship between materialism and FCI, as well as materialism and FCPI, where an individual’s religiosity is inversely associated with FCPI. Another finding is the importance of FCI in mediating the relationship between materialism and FCPI, plus the significance of mediated moderation and its effects on the relationship between materialism and FCPI. The findings reinforce the role of religiosity in consumer involvement in fashion clothing and fashion clothing purchase trends. Recognition of this significant construct and its importance may enable marketers to develop more sophisticated positioning strategies. 相似文献
59.
Debates surrounding class inequality and social mobility often highlight the role of higher education in reducing income inequality and promoting equity through upward social mobility. We explore the lived experience of social mobility through an analysis of 11 semistructured interviews with Canadian academics who self‐identified as having working‐class or impoverished family origins. While economic capital increased substantially, cultural capital and habitus left many feeling like cultural outsiders. Isolation—both chosen and imposed—reduced professional networks, diminishing social capital. Caught between social worlds, participants mobilized symbolic capital in moral boundary marking, aligning themselves strategically with either their current class status or their working‐class roots. While upward social mobility is a path toward reducing economic inequality, the lived experience of social mobility suggests it may exact a high emotional cost. 相似文献
60.
Medhat M. Bassiony Usama M. Youssef Hayam El-Gohary Mohamed Abdelghani Mervat S. Hassan Ghada Salah El-Deen 《心理学和人类性特征杂志》2019,31(1):109-114
Objective: Here we have investigated the association between tramadol abuse and male sexual function. Methods: Eighty-two male tramadol abuse patients and 55 healthy controls (20- to 45-years-old) were included in the study. Data from a sociodemographic questionnaire and the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire were collected and analyzed. Results: The tramadol abuse patients were 5 times more likely than their healthy counterparts to have erectile dysfunction. The tramadol abuse patients also had worse scores in the orgasmic, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction domains compared to the controls. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunctions are common among tramadol abuse patients. 相似文献