Physician/hospital business relationships. Sorting through the options

Providers recognize the critical role of physician/hospital partnerships in the newly emerging health care delivery system. However, the possibilities available for establishing such partnerships can be overwhelming. The authors provide a critical review of the options for physician/hospital business relationships. They emphasize the need to match physician/hospital strategies to local market characteristics, develop market-based business objectives, and structure physician/hospital relationships to support the achievement of business objectives.     

《古代社会》导论(下)

社会进化的辩证法这样就引导我们去考察为什么其他人也反对摩尔根,为什么这些会变成现代社会学中如此有力的一个因素,而且与马克思和恩格斯的名字有着特殊的联系。1884年2月16日,恩格斯给考茨基的信说:“在论述社会的原始状况方面,现在有一本象达尔文学说对于生物学那样具有决定意义的书,这本书当然也是被马克思发现的,这就是摩尔根的《古代社会》(1877年版)。马克思曾经谈到过这本书,但是,当时我正在思考别的事情,而以后他也没有再回头研究;看来,他是很想回头再研究的,因为根据他从该书中所做的十分详细的摘录中可以看出,他自己曾打算把该书介绍给德国读者。……假如我有时间,我倒想利用马克思的札记来把这些材料加加工”。     

泰政府扶持与发展山地少数民族的政策

居住在泰国北部山区的泰国山民有30多万人,他们对泰王国的安宁与稳定,以及在破坏山林资源、种植罂粟、吸毒、可耕地的开发等方面出现了许多值得注意的问题,因此,研究开发泰国北部山区农业及平原河流等问题是十分必要的。目前,泰政府已经掌握了有关泰国山民的资料和数据,并制订了对山民的政策与措施。这对进一步研究和执行开发山区、促进山民发展的计划大有裨益,并对考察和解决山民问题提供了依据。     

经济与加拿大的民族社区

根据经济的需要和在不同时期对农民、伐木工人、铁路工人、建筑工人、熟练工人和非熟练工人、职员和专业人员的需求,加拿大的移民政策逐年发生着变化。自从加拿大成为英联邦成员国以来,国家的民族和文化构成情况也发生了很大的变化:1931年 1931年盎格鲁-克尔特人 60％ 40％法兰西人 33％ 27％其他民族 7％ 33％民族加拿大人(ethnic Canadians)在加拿大的发展中曾做出过巨大的贡献,诸如修筑横贯加拿大的铁路,在荒原开辟农场,以及兴建众多的加拿大城市。然而,由于这些工作大都属体力劳动性质,此类贡献也多被埋没。近些年来,随着移民法的改变,许多高级熟练工人来到加拿大,并带来他们宝贵的专业经验。本文即准备从国内和国际两个方面,探讨这种     

Characteristics of children in residential treatment in New York State

This study addresses three questions about the population of children and families served in the highest level of care in the child welfare system in New York State residential treatment centers (RTCs): (1) How prevalent are emotional and behavioral problems in the youth entering RTCs? (2) Has the proportion of youth with such problems increased compared to 10 years ago? (3) Are there identifiable subgroups of youth entering RTCs? One-fourth of RTC admissions in fiscal year 2001 were randomly selected from a representative sample of 16 RTCs. The study completed a standardized data collection instrument based on a review of agency records, and included information that was known at the time each child was admitted. The results show significant increases compared to t10 years earlier in the proportion of youth with mental health problems and juvenile justice backgrounds. The findings suggest that youth who traditionally have been served by other systems of care are now being served in the child welfare system. The increased treatment needs of these youth and the heterogeneity of the RTC population have important implications for policies, programs, and practice.     

Continuity and change in work-life balance choices

This paper explores the ways in which the work-life balance choices made by heterosexual couples differ in different generations, how such choices are gendered, and the extent to which 'individualization' provides an adequate conceptualization of the effects of social change on heterosexual couples. It argues that processes of individualization need to be seen in the context of changing social institutions, and that it is the de-institutionalization of 'the family' and the life course that is leading to a de-gendering of work-life balance choices. The paper draws on findings from a restudy of the family and social change and a study of the gender dimensions of job insecurity both of which were carried out in the same geographical location. The studies provide evidence of generational change in work-life balance choices and increasing occupational differentiation between heterosexual partners. This leads to a situation where increasingly choices are made which blur gendered boundaries and which has been made possible by a process of de-institutionalization of the male breadwinner family. Our findings support the contention that processes of individualization are more apparent amongst younger than older generations and that, because of changes external to the family, there is more negotiation and pragmatism amongst younger generations about work-life choices.     

Injunctive Norms and Problem Gambling among College Students

Two studies examined the relationships among injunctive norms and college student gambling. In study 1 we evaluated the accuracy of perceptions of other students’ approval of gambling and the relationship between perceived approval and gambling behavior. In study 2 we evaluated gambling behavior as a function of perceptions of approval of other students, friends, and family. In study 1, which included 2524 college students, perceptions of other students’ approval of gambling were found to be overestimated and were negatively associated with gambling behavior. The results of study 2, which included 565 college students, replicated the findings of study 1 and revealed positive associations between gambling behavior and perceived approval of friends and family. Results highlight the complexity of injunctive norms and the importance of considering the reference group (e.g., peers, friends, family members) in their evaluation. Results also encourage caution in considering the incorporation of injunctive norms in prevention and intervention approaches.     

Health professionals' attitudes and practices in relation to Functional Capacity Evaluations

Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCE's) are part of practice in work injury prevention and rehabilitation, and are designed to define an individual's functional abilities or limitations in the context of safe, productive work tasks. Qualitative research methodology was used to investigate the attitudes and behaviours of health professionals in relation to FCE use. The study aimed to identify why health professionals chose a particular FCE, and to identify what factors influence health professionals' clinical judgements when providing results and recommendations for the individual being assessed. Five health professionals from the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, participated in semi-structured, individual interviews using a phenomenological approach. Following inductive analysis of the data, four themes reflecting participants' attitudes and behaviours of FCE use emerged: i) referrals and expectations, including why and when the assessment is completed ii) outcomes, -- what the results aim to provide iii) workplace/practice/usage issues and iv) skills of the assessor. The results indicate the need for further research on the clinical utility of FCE's. A large scale quantitative study would allow results to be generalised to a wider community of FCE users.     

The effects of workstation changes and behavioral interventions on safe typing postures in an office

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of an ergonomic and behavioral safety intervention for improving participants' safe typing postures in a library office setting. A single-subject multiple baseline design across five participants was employed to evaluate the effects of the four independent variables (workstation adjustment, equipment trial (rollermouse mouse alternative), peer observations, and graphic feedback). Six participant postures were observed repeatedly while participants worked at their workstations throughout the study. Each of the interventions resulted in improvements in safety for more than one posture compared to the previous phase. Results of the study indicate that a comprehensive ergonomic program that includes a workstation adjustment and a behavioral safety approach may be helpful to produce maximum improvements in employees' safe ergonomic postures.