你真知道自己的顾客想要什么吗？

衡量顾客看重什么,是解答“创新方程式”的第一步企业依靠创新以获取长期生存,但对许多企业来说,创新流程饱受不确定性和风险的折磨。然而,创新并不一定取决于运气。可以通过消除带来流程偏差的因素,优化创新流程,从而产生较高的成功率,并大幅减少开发费用的浪费。企业所犯的一个重大错误,是没有正确地利用关键“数据点”,即“顾客想要什么”。大多数企业拿出新产品或新服务,然后看顾客是否会购买。而他们本应当做的,是首先确定顾客欲求的结果,然后再利用这些结果来指导创新流程。以一家剃须刀制造商为例,在这个六步骤流程中,它应当首先确定顾客如何衡量价值。譬如,该公司发觉,用户希望减少     

Population statistics] as of January 1, 2000

This table presents the population statistics of Thailand as of January 1, 2000. Thailand has a total population of 61,737,000; 30,726,000 are males and 31,011,000 are females. The urban areas have a population of 18,972,000, while the rural areas have a population of 42,765,000. The population numbers, by region, are the following: northern, 12,117,000; northeastern, 20,164,000; southern, 7,957,000; central (excluding Bangkok Metropolis), 13,654,000; Bangkok Metropolis, 7,845,000. Children (under age 15) numbered 14,764,000; labor force participants (ages 15-59), 41,647,000; the elderly (ages 60-79), 4,974,000; those aged 80 and above, 352,000; the school-age population (ages 6-21), 16,703,000; reproductive-age women (ages 15-44), 16,697,000; and the voting population (ages 18 and over), 43,691,000. The crude birth rate (per 1000 population) is 16.4, and the crude death rate is 6.5. Thailand has a natural growth rate of 1.0% and an infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) of 22.4. Life expectancy at birth among males and females is 69.9 and 74.9, respectively. The total fertility rate is 1.9/woman, the contraceptive prevalence rate is 72.2%, and the ratio of females per 1 male is 1.0 for ages 0-59, 1.1 for ages 60-79, and 2.0 for ages 80 and over.     

Self-employment and economic leadership as two promising perspectives on rural disability and work

A defining difference between rural and urban circumstances for people with disabilities involves opportunities for work. One of the most significant elements of the rural context is that economic conditions in rural communities consistently trail the national economy. This paper presents an overview of disability in rural America and outlines an ecological model for guiding the development of rural solutions to rehabilitation problems. Two promising examples of such solutions, self-employment as a rural vocational rehabilitation employment option and rural economic leadership by people with disabilities, are outlined.     

Modernity: a non-European conceptualization

In the light of insights drawn from historical sociology and Parsons' theory of differentiation/modernization, an attempt is made to conceptualize modernity in such a way as to avoid both eurocentrism and the total rejection of the concept by those who view it as an ideological means for the further advancement of western cultural imperialism.     

Death at the border

"Debates about United States border control policies have generally ignored the human costs of undocumented migration. We focus attention on these costs by estimating the number, causes and location of migrant deaths at the southwest border of the United States between 1993 and 1997.... Deaths from hyperthermia, hypothermia and dehydration increased sharply from 1993 to 1997 as intensified border enforcement redirected undocumented migration flows from urban crossing points to more remote crossing areas where the migrants are exposed to a greater risk of death."     

普救说与世界问题的政治化

一、真理的实在真理的传统形式:真理作为概念、结构或关系只能是肯定的东西。真理与实在的区别在于:真理不仅是存在着的,还是正确无误的,真理不可能来自谬误或错误的政策。所以,真理具有肯定的特性。这一肯定的特性能够被作为绝对知识而予以强调。为了新思维起见,我们必须超越真理与实在之间的这一鸿沟。实在不仅是肯定性的真理,它也可能是谬误。因而,实在也可能是否定性质的真理。结论:可以把实在描述成以下的东西:a.作为肯定性质的真理,实在是我们必须保存的那部分实在。b.作为否定性质的真理,实在是我们必须     

关于决定理论的分析

决定理论最先的蓍作倾向于经典理性主义的思考方式。我汇集了一组与此有关的论著,在他们看来,经典理性主义思考方式能使人们对在形式主义外表下的现实作出良好的描绘,也能对机制作出更好的分析,并能对“最好”的决定规则作出归纳。 然而,这个思考方式在大量与此相关的研究中隐含着的问题是: 1.决定者是杰出的行动者,其行为很富有理性。决定是这个行动者为了获得最大的收益,用十分理智的手段从已知的抉择中进行的选择。     

八十年代的“问题管理”

什么是“问题管理”?为什么它如此引人注目?问题管理为显示预测和未来研究的价值提供了一个重要机会。它是未来学家新的、主要的机会领域。问题管理与未来研究的相似之处在于:多学科的结合,以预测、未来研究、环境探索、规划、公共关系、政府关系和公共事务为基本成份。一个组织制定一项包括上述成份的计划,以调动该组织的各种资源来预测、提出和回答正在出现的、对该组织具有潜在重要意义的问题,这种方式就叫问题管理。显然,预测和未来研究在其中起着极为重要的作用。     

蒙苏两国社会科学家的合作

蒙苏两国科学家的积极合作是依照“苏蒙科学技术合作协议”的原则和组织形式进行的. 蒙古科学院历史研究所正在发展同苏联科学院历史、考古、东方学、民族学等研究所的双边合作。近年来两国学者在蒙古人民共和国通史研究方面进行了大力合作.为了深入研究蒙古有文字记载以前的历史,开展了民族志考古调查,这些工作不仅对专题研究,而且对编     

文化人类学

文化人类学这个术语在美国主要用来定义人类学的一个分支,该分支探讨作为社会存在的人,探讨经过训练所学到的行为形式,而不是通过遗传所传递下来的行为形式.有些作者更愿使用人类文化学(ethnology)这一术语.这两个术语中的任何一个,均包含