Urbanization, caring for elderly people and the changing African family: The challenge to social policy

An inquiry into the role of social welfare in the development process in Africa must start by determining the position of the family in the face of all the social changes that are taking place. The role of the traditional African family may be broadly subdivided into its social role, its economic role and its role as an agent for the transmission and renewal of sociocultural values. Intraditional African societies, there is a complex interaction between the members of the family and the community. Social organization centres on the kinship group and the age group. The economic, political and sociocultural values of present-day Africa, with its sprawling urban centres and industrial zones, differ increasingly from its traditional values. In Africa, the concept of development has been greatly influenced by the colonial experience and Western modernization theory which posited that economic development and growth, mainly through industrialization, would automatically raise the living standards and meet the social needs of the population. Social welfare was viewed as a non-productive activity and therefore accorded a low priority in national development planning and resource allocation. In such a context, the scope of social policy is limited and cannot deal with the critical problems of mass poverty and deprivation afflicting the majority of African peoples, especially in rural areas. The family is disintegrating and social change has brought in its wake a host of new social problems which remedial social welfare services are not adequate to meet. Using Ghana as an example, this paper will critically examine these key issues and make recommendations for effective social policies and programmes that must be incorporated centrally into national development plans.     

社会视角中综合英语的课程语类分析

课程语类是F.Christie以B.Bernstein的教学话语理论为基础,利用M.A.K.Halliday的系统功能语言学作为语言分析框架所提出的概念,其分析模式从社会的角度观照教育和教学领域,彰显了话语分析中语言建构现实、建构经验、建构意识的研究角度.文章对此进行介绍并对英语专业课程“综合英语”从课程语类的角度进行讨论.     

坚持人民至上

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想一以贯之的世界观和方法论是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义。党的二十大报告指出,“必须坚持人民至上”“必须坚持自信自立”“必须坚持守正创新”“必须坚持问题导向”“必须坚持系统观念”“必须坚持胸怀天下”。这是贯穿习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的立场观点方法。“六个必须坚持”是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论在新时代的集中体现。

     

基于云模型-AHP的城市农贸市场管理质量评价研究

事关百姓生活的城市农贸市场是防范重大疫情风险的关键环节,科学有效地对城市农贸市场管理质量进行评价,有助于提升城市农贸市场治理水平、降低疫情防控风险.结合新形势下的疫情防控要求,以环境质量、防疫安全、生鲜农产品安全、服务质量和人员素质五方面为主,构建了城市农贸市场管理质量评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法(AHP)对指标权重进行赋值、运用云模型得出城市农贸市场管理质量评价云图,最后以昆明市农贸市场管理质量评价为例验证了该评价模型的准确性和可行性.研究发现:基于云模型-AHP的综合评价模型不仅可以直观体现城市农贸市场管理质量评价等级,还可以有效识别城市农贸市场管理质量提升的关键要素,为后疫情时代提高城市农贸市场管理质量、有效防控疫情提供科学依据.     

An Ecological Approach to Racial Environments and Their Relationship to Mental Health

Although research has demonstrated that aspects of racial environments such as racial experiences and racial diversity can relate to psychological health and well-being, few studies have examined what specifically happens when individuals move from one racial environment to another. The present study asked 179 African Americans transitioning to a predominantly white institution (freshmen or junior transfers) about racial diversity (percentage of African Americans) at their prior institution, racial experiences at their prior institution, and racial experiences at the current institution and examined how these characteristics related to self-reported depression. Overall, we found that more negative previous racial experiences predicted greater depressive symptoms in college. Results also revealed a significant three-way interaction such that more positive current racial experiences predicted less depressive symptoms, but only for those students coming from predominantly negative racial environments—low racial diversity and more negative racial experiences. Our findings highlight the complex role of past and present racial environmental factors in influencing psychological health. Implications for African American college students’ success and well-being are discussed.     

基于网络搜索数据的房地产价格预测

本文以北京、上海、天津、重庆等16个大中城市的二手房价格和新房价格为研究对象,以来自我国最大搜索引擎的百度搜索指数为数据基础,使用6种计量模型分别对16个城市的二手房价格和新房价格进行了拟合和预测,得到预测二手房和新房价格变动情况的最优模型.结果显示:网络搜索数据不但能够较好地预测房价指数,而且能够分析经济主体行为的趋势与规律,有一定的时效性.预测的月度房地产价格能够比官方数据发布提前约两周时间.     

“案例报告式”方法在“信息分析与决策支持”课程教学中的实践与探索

针对信息管理与信息系统的专业特色和培养目标,从＂信息分析与决策支持＂课程在信管专业中的重要位置出发,引入了＂案例报告式＂教学方法,对其应用进行了实践与探索。针对现有教学模式的缺点,分析了＂案例报告式＂教学法的优点,从案例准备、＂案例报告式＂教学的组织和实施入手,对＂案例报告式＂教学法的效果进行评价。指出＂案例报告式＂教学方法响应了教育部推行理论与实践相结合的号召。     

空间变革下的生计策略与养老保障 ——基于易地搬迁老年移民养老方式的考察

易地搬迁作为国家精准扶贫的重要手段,旨在通过行政手段有计划地实行移民搬迁以解决“一方水土养不活一方人”的地区发展困境。易地搬迁中的老年移民因健康状况、文化程度、语言能力、生计方式和收入水平等因素,在安置地面临着更多困境与挑战。在市场化与新型城镇化渗透的后乡土社会,搬迁老年移民不仅面临着新家园的社会适应与融入问题,还面临着生计方式、代际支持与养老模式的变动。随着人口流动的频繁与搬迁上楼后远离土地的现实,移民社区空心化现象严重,老年移民脱离土地和代际支持而转向追求自我保障和社会支持的养老策略。家庭结构的核心化使养老空间逐渐进入从家庭到自我、家庭到社区、社区到社会的衍变与扩展。因此,需要拓展老年移民收入保障渠道、完善老有所养的社会保障政策和服务体系、建立阻断返贫的监测机制与可持续发展长效机制,实现对老年移民脱贫致富的共建共享,促进老年移民的养老保障与社会融入。     

句子结构分析与翻译优化

提出句子深层结构意义分析有助于英语语篇理解及英汉翻译.理解层面不同,翻译效果各异.优秀的译文能使语篇中词、句的本位意义(即深层意义)和文化意义(即语境意义)实现统一和契合.     

反思"热点"现象

社会生活中的“热点”现象值得我们反思。在社会生活中,热点总是与一定时空范围内的重要事物、重大事件、关键问题等等有关,实际上是在一定时空范围内公众的利益、兴趣和趋向的集中反映和表现。一个热点的演化往往经历几个阶段:(1)潜热点;(2)准热点;(3)正热点;(4)余热点;(5)不热点。由社会热点引出思想热点、学术热点,使社会问题在理论层面的理解促进在实践层面的解决,这是现代社会健康发展的重要机制。哲学的热点是社会热点、思想热点、学术热点更集中的反映。从哲学的高度反思“热点”本身,可以使我们的“热点”热得更加自觉,更加有理性。