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131.
史学工作不仅比较两种不同文化中的某个现象,也比较同一种文化中处于不同时期和不同地域的概念或习俗“自然”与“nature”;、“身体”与“body”,其含义并非一一对应,而且它们在中国和欧洲不同历史时期的含义也大为不同。西方天文学和医学在中国和日本的影响大不相同。因而,理解一个国家对待外国科学的态度,需要考虑政治变化、新旧方法的价值、社会组织以及学习动机之类的因素。19世纪晚期,中国人对待轮船和蒸汽机车的不同态度,反映出他们对网络技术的社会影响的认识,以及官员们高超的外交手腕。 相似文献
132.
How child protection professionals orient to the work can be described as a style, and in the two teams reported on here, a style is emerging that is characterized by reaching for and inviting ongoing negotiation with families, with allied professionals and colleagues, and a reflexivity that is the result of the attention focused on the professional and the need to continually defend the work and explain to others one's point of view. Negotiation is a political concept that blends the reality of State authority with the practice of taking seriously the goals and interests of clients as well as the goals and interests of allied professionals. For these teams, this practice is rooted in an identity of service to the client, the importance of the protection of children and long‐standing motivations common to the helping professions. 相似文献
133.
Nathan Mantel 《The American statistician》2013,67(3):225-228
Under proper conditions, two independent tests of the null hypothesis of homogeneity of means are provided by a set of sample averages. One test, with tail probability P 1, relates to the variation between the sample averages, while the other, with tail probability P 2, relates to the concordance of the rankings of the sample averages with the anticipated rankings under an alternative hypothesis. The quantity G = P 1 P 2 is considered as the combined test statistic and, except for the discreteness in the null distribution of P 2, would correspond to the Fisher statistic for combining probabilities. Illustration is made, for the case of four means, on how to get critical values of G or critical values of P 1 for each possible value of P 2, taking discreteness into account. Alternative measures of concordance considered are Spearman's ρ and Kendall's τ. The concept results, in the case of two averages, in assigning two-thirds of the test size to the concordant tail, one-third to the discordant tail. 相似文献
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135.
According to a recent Government Accountability Office report, the number of workers over age 55 is projected to increase significantly over the next twenty years, with this demographic group projected to comprise as much as twenty percent of the workforce by 2015 [12]. Accommodating the functional limitations of a large number of older workers may prove challenging for employers; however, policies and practices shaped over the course of the next few decades could allow aging workers to remain a valuable part of the US economy. Given these considerations, it is useful from a public policy perspective to determine the degree to which employers are currently addressing the accommodation needs of older workers. This paper presents the results of a study that attempted to determine the extent to which a sample of Fortune 500 employers was currently accommodating older workers. The study's methodology (in particular, its use of semi-structured telephone interviews) is reevaluated and new options (such as anonymous online employer surveys) are considered for the valid and reliable collection of data on accommodations for older workers. 相似文献
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137.
Nathan B. Epstein Lawrence M. Baldwin Duane S. Bishop 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1983,9(2):171-180
This paper describes the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), a newly developed questionnaire designed to evaluate families according to the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. The FAD is made up of seven scales which measure Problem Solving, Communication, Roles, Affective Responsiveness, Affective Involvement, Behavior Control and General Functioning. The paper describes the procedures used to develop the FAD and presents scale means and scale reliabilities from a sample of 503 individuals. 相似文献
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139.
The HIV epidemic is one of the reasons for an increase in relative foster care. Most children of HIV-infected parents are not infected, but both the children and their caregivers are affected by the parent's illness. Twenty-eight caregivers participated in an exploratory, qualitative study of the permanency planning needs of HIV-affected relative foster parents. Of the caregivers, 17 disclosed that the foster child's parent was HIV-infected; 11 caregivers did not report HIV infection in the immediate family. HIV-affected caregivers' greatest need was a more adequate response from social workers and therapy services for the children; nonaffected caregivers needed financial assistance most. More HIV-affected caregivers were considering permanency than nonaffected caregivers. Child welfare workers and relative foster parents need training on HIV's effect on the families so that appropriate services can be accessed as early as possible. 相似文献
140.
Although a relationship between poor self-reported health status and excess mortality risk has been well-established for industrialized countries, almost no research considers developing countries. We use data from Indonesia to show that in a low-income setting, as in more advantaged parts of the world, individuals who perceive their health to be poor are significantly more likely to die in subsequent follow-up periods than their counterparts who view their health as good. This result characterizes both men and women, holds for multiple time periods, and remains after inclusion of measures of nutritional status, physical functioning, symptoms of poor physical health and depression, and hypertension. We also consider the correlates of self-rated health. Symptoms and physical functioning are strong predictors of reporting poor rather than good health, but neither these indicators nor other covariates we consider distinguish between reports of excellent rather than good health. 相似文献