Estimation of the additive hazards model with interval-censored data and missing covariates

The additive hazards model is one of the most commonly used regression models in the analysis of failure time data and many methods have been developed for its inference in various situations. However, no established estimation procedure exists when there are covariates with missing values and the observed responses are interval-censored; both types of complications arise in various settings including demographic, epidemiological, financial, medical and sociological studies. To address this deficiency, we propose several inverse probability weight-based and reweighting-based estimation procedures for the situation where covariate values are missing at random. The resulting estimators of regression model parameters are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. The numerical results that we report from a simulation study suggest that the proposed methods work well in practical situations. An application to a childhood cancer survival study is provided. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 499–517; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada     

Decolonising the university in 2020

ABSTRACT

We came together as editors of Decolonising the University through a commitment to understanding the university and our place within it; to examine what else might be possible for us, collectively, in the domain of higher education. Although we do not always agree about the university– or, perhaps more specifically, about the possibilities it contains for intervening effectively in the world– we nonetheless coalesced around an idea of ‘decolonising the university’ as an important strategic mode of engagement. Here, we set out the positions that we come from in relation to the broader debates about the university and its political possibilities and offer responses also to the reviews. These are not our final words on the matter, but words shaped by the political possibilities that present themselves at the outset of 2020 and which, we hope, will contribute to the increasingly necessary dialogues on this topic.     

计算知识论视域下的科学发现逻辑研究

在科学发现逻辑受制于描述性的传统研究路径，经历衰落和缓慢复苏的大背景之下，计算知识论为科学发现逻辑提供了一个全新的规范性研究框架。该框架不仅为科学发现逻辑做了系统性辩护，而且围绕发现问题的可解性做了许多规范性讨论。虽然其有关具体规范性的研究距离现实的科学发现仍然较远，但这一路径对未来发现逻辑研究走向的启发意义毋庸置疑。     

论合唱钢琴伴奏与指挥及合唱队的合作关系

作为一名合唱钢琴伴奏者,演奏技法如何服从合唱的需要,与合唱有机地紧密结合在一起,是其在伴奏过程中必须注意的.伴奏者要能够与合唱这种多声部的演唱形式默契结合,演奏应遵循合唱本身的特点,与指挥、合唱队三方合作,同时通过自身的视觉和听觉对伴奏进行控制调节,以达到完整地体现作曲家、指挥及伴奏者自身的审美意图的目的.     

A regularized variable selection procedure in additive hazards model with stratified case-cohort design

Case-cohort designs are commonly used in large epidemiological studies to reduce the cost associated with covariate measurement. In many such studies the number of covariates is very large. An efficient variable selection method is needed for case-cohort studies where the covariates are only observed in a subset of the sample. Current literature on this topic has been focused on the proportional hazards model. However, in many studies the additive hazards model is preferred over the proportional hazards model either because the proportional hazards assumption is violated or the additive hazards model provides more relevent information to the research question. Motivated by one such study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, we investigate the properties of a regularized variable selection procedure in stratified case-cohort design under an additive hazards model with a diverging number of parameters. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the penalized estimator and prove its oracle property. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed method with a modified cross-validation tuning parameter selection methods. We apply the variable selection procedure to the ARIC study to demonstrate its practical use.     

标准语与方言间语码转换的性别差异研究

语言使用的性别差异是社会语言学研究的热点,探究标准语与方言间语码转换的性别差异及其根源具有重要的现实意义。在回顾前人研究基础上,通过问卷调查和访谈,探究了两性对标准语及其方言的使用度以及对公共场合使用标准语和方言的态度,结果发现“女性对标准语的使用度明显高于男性,对公共场合使用方言的赞成度则低于男性,女性对‘讲不讲标准语不会影响别人对我的看法’观点的同意度低于男性”,同时探讨了造成这些差异的社会、家庭、心理等方面的原因。     

社会指数研究中文化差异与幸福感研究关系探析

关于文化差异是否以及如何影响幸福感判断,学界存在两种相反观点： 一是认为文化差异会造成情感、心理等因素上的差异,从而影响自我阐释和幸福感的判断结果;另一种观点认为文化背景差异不会导致调查结果差异。通过社会学调查实例结论,对两种观点进行分析： 前者更倾向于具体指标的分析,对具体政策制定和实施效果的参与更为有效;而后者则将各指数因素归纳作整体把握,有助于不同文化间的比较研究。中国社会学的幸福感研究若要完成有效的政策制定参与,应重视社会指数研究的旨向与目的,将前者纳入后者调查范围,重视数据的二次分析。     

建设有中国特色的社会主义经济文化论

在现代化建设中,经济文化已成为影响和制约经济发展的重要因素,社会主义市场经济迫切需要与之相适应的有中国特色的社会主义经济文化的支持。它反映的是人们的经济利益和经济行为规律,是指导人们经济行为的价值观念体系,它是有中国特色的社会主义文化中与政治文化并列的一个子系统。利益兼顾性特征,是有中国特色社会主义经济文化的核心内容。社会主义经济文化对现代化建设具有认识导向、启迪教育、调控约束、融合协调等功能,是促进和推动生产力发展的内在支力     

后发展国家发展理论对中国的启示

社会发展理论主要有几个阶段,一是发展理论,或者叫做现代化理论;二是后发展理论;三是新发展主义。这三个阶段都偏于关注后发展国家的社会发展问题。借鉴这三个理论,结合中国社会发展在政治体制、经济基础及文化思想等方面的实际特点,指出中国社会的现代化道路应坚持走自己的道路,并建立有中国特色的现代化发展理论。     

求则得之舍则失之——儒家尊严观之探讨

人的普遍尊严概念被作为人权的概念基础,但它本身却包含着两个两难困境。儒家有关人的价值的论述,通过将人的尊严看作是成就,而非简单的自然馈赠,避免了上述困境,开通了人的基本尊严与其他尊严之间的联系,并超出了作为责任的道德,进入了创造艺术人生的境界。