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471.
Laura L. Otto-Salaj Nicole Traxel Michael J. Brondino Barbara Reed Cheryl Gore-Felton Jeffrey A. Kelly 《Journal of sex research》2013,50(6):539-551
This study describes responses of 172 single heterosexual African American men, ages 18 to 35, to condom negotiation attempts. Strategies used included reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, referent, and informational strategies, based on Raven's (1992) influence model. The purpose was (a) to identify strategies influencing participant acquiescence to request and (b) to identify predictors of participant compliance/refusal to comply with negotiation attempts. Participants viewed six videotape segments showing an actress, portrayed in silhouette, speaking to the viewer as a “steady partner.” After each segment, participants completed measures of request compliance, positive and negative affect, and attributions concerning the model and themselves. No significant differences were found in men's ratings across all vignettes. However, differences in response existed across subgroups of individuals, suggesting that, although the strategy used had little impact on participant response, the act of suggesting condom use produced responses that differed across participant subgroups. Subgroups differed on levels of AIDS risk knowledge, sexually transmitted disease history, and experience with sexual coercion. Also, the “least willing to use” subgroup was highest in anger–rejection and least likely to make attributions of caring for partner. Effective negotiation of condom use with a male sexual partner may not be determined as much by specific strategy used as by partner characteristics. 相似文献
472.
She left, he left: how employment and satisfaction affect women's and men's decisions to leave marriages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Studies examining determinants of divorce have largely ignored differences between factors that elevate wives' and husbands' initiation of divorce. The authors use longitudinal data and a latent class model embedded in a competing-risks event history model to assess distinct predictors of wives and husbands leaving marriages. They find that when men are not employed, either spouse is more likely to leave. When wives report better-than-average marital satisfaction, their employment affects neither spouse's exit. However, when wives report below-average marital satisfaction, their employment makes it more likely they will leave. The authors' findings suggest that theories of divorce require "gendering" to reflect asymmetric gender change. 相似文献
473.
474.
Antle DM MacKinnon SN Molgaard J Vézina N Parent R Bornstein S Leclerc L 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2011,38(4):347-357
This case study reviews the knowledge transfer (KT) process of implementing a knife sharpening and steeling program into a poultry processing plant via a participatory ergonomics intervention. This ergonomics intervention required stakeholder participation at the company level to move a 'train-the-trainer' program, developed in Québec, Canada, into action on the plant's deboning line. Communications and exchanges with key stakeholders, as well as changes in steeling and production behaviours were recorded. The intervention was assumed to be at least partially successful because positive changes in work operations occurred. Ergonomic-related changes such as those documented have been cited in the academic literature as beneficial to worker health. However, several components cited in literature that are associated with a successful participatory ergonomics intervention were not attained during the project. A Dynamic Knowledge Transfer Model was used to identify KT issues that impacted on the success of train-the-trainer program. A debriefing analysis reveals that a failure to consider key participatory ergonomics factors necessary for success were related to capacity deficits in the knowledge dissemination strategy. 相似文献
475.
Prof. Dr. Annette G. K?hler Prof. Dr. Kai-Uwe Marten Dr. Nicole V. S. Ratzinger Dr. Marco Wagner 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2011,81(9):1031-1034
Responding to Merkl??s discussion the authors show that Merkl??s arguments are not convincing. 相似文献
476.
Piquero AR Piquero NL Gertz M Baker T Batton J Barnes JC 《Social science quarterly》2011,92(2):535-551
Objective. The relationship between race and crime has been contentious, focusing primarily on offending and incarceration patterns among minorities. There has been some limited work on public perceptions of criminal punishment, and findings show that while minorities believe in the role and rule of law, they simultaneously perceive the justice system as acting in a biased and/or unfair manner. Two limitations have stalled this literature. First, research has focused mainly on criminal punishments to the neglect of noncriminal punishments. Second, most studies have not examined whether race remains salient after considering other demographic variables or discrimination and legitimacy attitudes.Methods. Using data from 400 adults, we examine how race affects perceptions of criminal punishment and subsequent reinstatement into the National Football League in the case of Michael Vick, a star professional quarterback who pled guilty to charges of operating an illegal dog-fighting ring.Results. Findings show that whites are more likely to view Vick's punishment as too soft and that he should not be reinstated, while nonwhites had the opposite views. Race remained significant after controlling for other variables believed to be related to punishment perceptions.Conclusion. Attitudes toward both criminal punishment and NFL reinstatement vary across race such that there exists important divides in how individuals perceive the system meting out punishment and subsequently reintegrating offenders back into society. These results underscore that white and nonwhites perceive the law and its administration differently. 相似文献
477.
478.
Though surveys repeatedly demonstrate that most women who are homeless alone have minor children living apart from them, there
is little information on the circumstances of their separations or whether and how they remain involved with their children.
Analysis of data from in-depth interviews with mothers, relatives caring for their children, and shelter and child welfare
staff highlights a tension between perspectives and aspirations of mothers and the agendas and social processes through which
institutional systems manage the family life of women marginalized by homelessness and disability. Though women’s agency is
evident in their efforts to maintain parenting roles, without facilitating resources and supportive structures, agency is
often reduced to unpalatable choices among constraining alternatives. We consider how service systems might mitigate barriers
to mothering as well as broader changes needed to genuinely support women’s aspirations for themselves and their families.
相似文献
Susan M. BarrowEmail: |
479.
Mother’s and Father’s Day celebrations were investigated to understand how gender is created on these two occasions. Fifty-three
heterosexual couples were interviewed about family holidays. Mother’s Day was given more attention than Father’s Day. Families
spent more time celebrating; they were more likely to eat out, and were more likely to celebrate with others. Mothers were
also more likely to receive gifts than fathers. The gendering of the holidays was reflected in the more stereotypical gifts
received on Mother’s and Father’s Day than on birthdays, and in that mothers were more likely to report relief from chores
on Mother’s Day than fathers were on Father’s Day (p < .01). Families in which women worked full-time and whose husbands contributed substantially to domestic labor were as likely
to celebrate in gendered ways as traditional families were. These holidays reflect and promote hegemonic notions of the gendered
nature of motherhood and fatherhood.
Nicole Gilbert Cote is a lecturer in Psychology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Her recent research investigates the influence of role models on leadership trait endorsement among women. Francine M. Deutsch is a Professor of Psychology at Mount Holyoke College and the author of “Halving it all: How equally shared parenting works.” Her current research focuses on equality in the division of domestic labor among families around the world. 相似文献
Nicole Gilbert CoteEmail: |
Nicole Gilbert Cote is a lecturer in Psychology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Her recent research investigates the influence of role models on leadership trait endorsement among women. Francine M. Deutsch is a Professor of Psychology at Mount Holyoke College and the author of “Halving it all: How equally shared parenting works.” Her current research focuses on equality in the division of domestic labor among families around the world. 相似文献
480.
Flett GL Goldstein A Wall AM Hewitt PL Wekerle C Azzi N 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2008,57(2):249-256
Objective: In September 2005, the authors explored the relationship between perfectionism and binge drinking in a sample of first-year college students. Participants: The authors recruited 207 first-year college students (76 men, 131 women) to complete the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (F-MPS). Methods: The authors divided participants into 3 groups on the basis of frequency of binge drinking and conducted multivariate analyses of variance to compare the binge drinking groups on the 3 MPS subscales and the 5 F-MPS subscales. Results: The group with 2 or more binge drinking episodes in the past 2 weeks had higher levels of parental criticism and lower levels of self-oriented perfectionism, but they did not have lower scores on a measure of personal standards. Conclusions: These findings suggest that certain perfectionists binge drink in response to harsh parental treatment and that, at least initially, the pursuit of extreme standards of personal perfection is incompatible with binge drinking. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 相似文献