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51.
Brolis Olivier Nyssens Marthe 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2020,31(3):533-549
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - In recent decades, many countries have witnessed the introduction of quasi-market regulation, predominantly in the field... 相似文献
52.
The paper considers the modelling of the dependency between corrective maintenance and condition-based preventive maintenance of complex repairable systems. A new model of dependent competing risks is proposed, called the alert-delay (AD) model. This model has different properties from that of the delay-time, repair-alert and proportional warning constant inspection models and happens to fit some data sets which could not be fitted by the previous models. The main features of the AD model are derived: probabilistic properties and statistical analysis. Simulation results and an application to real data are presented. 相似文献
53.
Markov random fields (MRFs) express spatial dependence through conditional distributions, although their stochastic behavior is defined by their joint distribution. These joint distributions are typically difficult to obtain in closed form, the problem being a normalizing constant that is a function of unknown parameters. The Gaussian MRF (or conditional autoregressive model) is one case where the normalizing constant is available in closed form; however, when sample sizes are moderate to large (thousands to tens of thousands), and beyond, its computation can be problematic. Because the conditional autoregressive (CAR) model is often used for spatial-data modeling, we develop likelihood-inference methodology for this model in situations where the sample size is too large for its normalizing constant to be computed directly. In particular, we use simulation methodology to obtain maximum likelihood estimators of mean, variance, and spatial-depencence parameters (including their asymptotic variances and covariances) of CAR models. 相似文献
54.
Ken Blanchard 《经理人》2010,(10):74-74
常有人向我咨询合伙事宜。同事或朋友邀请他们参与某个合作项目,他们认为那是“千载难逢的好机会”。而这些机会不是需要投入大量的钱和时间,就是涉及与当前职业完全不同的新领域,有时甚至是两种情况兼具。 相似文献
55.
Denis Beninger Olivier Bargain Miriam Beblo Richard Blundell Raquel Carrasco Maria-Concetta Chiuri François Laisney Valérie Lechene Ernesto Longobardi Nicolas Moreau Michal Myck Javier Ruiz-Castillo Frederic Vermeulen 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(2):159-180
This paper proposes a comparison of the results of tax policy analysis obtained on the basis of unitary and collective representations
of the household. We first generate labour supplies consistent with the collective rationality, by use of a model calibrated
on microdata as described in Vermeulen et al. [Collective Models of Household Labor Supply with Nonconvex Budget Sets and
Nonparticipation: A Calibration Approach (2006)]. A unitary model is then estimated on these collective data and unitary and collective responses to a tax reform are compared.
We focus on the introduction of linear taxation in Germany. The exercise is replicated for other European countries and other
topical reforms. Distortions due to the use of a unitary model turn out to be important in predicting labour supply adjustments,
in the design of tax revenue neutral reforms, and in predicting a reform’s welfare implications.
相似文献
Denis BeningerEmail: |
56.
57.
Olivier Bargain 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(2):339-371
We simulate a hypothetical family tax credit on a sample of French couples, using jointly a collective model of labor supply
and a tax-benefit calculator. Work behaviors represent here a general concept of “effort,” and hence, individual productivities
cannot be assimilated with wage rates. They are retrieved by inversion of the optimal household program under simple assumptions
on household preferences and bargaining rules. The calibrated model is used to predict incentive effects of the reform and
distributive impacts on individuals and households. The desirability of the reform depends on which of these two welfare units
is used for normative evaluation.
相似文献
58.
Intake fraction for multimedia pollutants: a tool for life cycle analysis and comparative risk assessment. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deborah H Bennett Manuele D Margni Thomas E McKone Olivier Jolliet 《Risk analysis》2002,22(5):905-918
We employ the intake fraction (iF) as an effective tool for expressing the source-to-intake relationship for pollutant emissions in life cycle analysis (LCA) or comparative risk assessment. Intake fraction is the fraction of chemical mass emitted into the environment that eventually passes into a member of the population through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. To date, this concept has been primarily applied to pollutants whose primary route of exposure is inhalation. Here we extend the use of iF to multimedia pollutants with multiple exposure pathways. We use a level III multimedia model to calculate iF for TCDD and compare the result to one calculated from measured levels of dioxin toxic equivalents in the environment. We calculate iF for emissions to air and surface water for 308 chemicals. We correlate the primary exposure route with the magnitudes of the octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow, and of the air-water partitioning coefficient (dimensionless Henry constant), Kaw. This results in value ranges of Kow and Kaw where the chemical exposure route can be classified with limited input data requirements as primarily inhalation, primarily ingestion, or multipathway. For the inhalation and ingestion dominant pollutants, we also define empirical relationships based on chemical properties for quantifying the intake fraction. The empirical relationships facilitate rapid evaluation of many chemicals in terms of the intake. By defining a theoretical upper limit for iF in a multimedia environment we find that iF calculations provide insight into the multimedia model algorithms and help identify unusual patterns of exposure and questionable exposure model results. 相似文献
59.
60.
Olivier Meunier 《International Review of Sociology》2010,20(3):391-414
In Brazil – and more largely in Latin America – the fight of the indigenous movements for the demarcation of their territory and the installation of an intercultural school education contributed to the constitutional changes of the years 1980–1990 which led these States to regard themselves from then on as pluricultural and multiethnic nations and to recognize collective rights specific to native people and tribes living on their territory. The author analyzes the advent and the development of this intercultural bilingual education in two border regions of the State of Amazonas (Alto Solimões and Alto Rio Negro) near the populations Ticuna, Baniwa and Tukano during the years 1990 and 2000. He shows in particular how the indigenous school, an assimilationist instrument for the Occidental and Christian culture until the 1980s, has been transformed by supporting the reappropriation of the traditional knowledge; meanwhile this school has opened itself to ‘Western’ knowledge in order to make it possible for the younger generation to acquire the ability to go towards evolution. 相似文献