Ecological correlates of psychiatric illness in the City of Calgary

Hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders in the City of Calgary were reviewed during a six-month period. Rates of hospitalization for the city's 77 census tract areas were calculated and correlated with data collected in the 1976 Canada Census. The study identified areas in the city with high rates of pathology requiring hospitalization. The correlational analysis reveals a significant association between differential admission rates and demographic and ecological attributes such as age, marital status, population stability, housing tenure, crowding, social disintegration and isolation and unemployment. Of these correlates, the proportion of persons aged 65 years and over and the number of families in each of the census tract areas were shown to be the most important factors influencing rates of psychiatric hospitalization.     

Deciding manufacturing priorities: Flexibility, cost, quality and service

Traditional manufacturing planning focuses first on understanding the realities of the product marketplace and then aligning the production processes to match those realities. By conforming to that independent-market dependent-production model and simply implementing the determined tactics, manufacturing misses the opportunity to create competitive advantage by adopting a strategy that enhances the firm's position. To illustrate how manufacturing can incorporate strategic objectives into its planning, we add a third dimension to the traditional two-dimensional form of the product—process matrix. Along the new axis we show how four key competitive thrusts relate to the stages of the product—process life cycles. The thrusts of flexibility, cost, quality, and service are made explicit by plotting them, in turn, against the stages in the evolution of the product and the process. Each plot reveals new ways for manufacturing to plan for and realize competitive advantage through the application of computer-integrated manufacturing principles.     

The European Union and the Background of the Global Compacts

This article explores the influence of the European Union in shaping and promoting the discourse, theoretical bases and political practices that make up the Global Compact on Refugees and the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration. It analyses the experiences and dynamics of European Union policies in its most recent history, and explores its operational, discursive and practical dimensions, focusing on the example of the EU's partnership with Turkey.     

Cultures of care? Animals and science in Britain

It is becoming increasingly common to hear life scientists say that high quality life science research relies upon high quality laboratory animal care. However, the idea that animal care is a crucial part of scientific knowledge production is at odds with previous social science and historical scholarship regarding laboratory animals. How are we to understand this discrepancy? To begin to address this question, this paper seeks to disentangle the values of scientists in identifying animal care as important to the production of high quality scientific research. To do this, we conducted a survey of scientists working in the United Kingdom who use animals in their research. The survey found that being British is associated with thinking that animal care is a crucial part of conducting high quality science. To understand this finding, we draw upon the concept of ‘civic epistemologies’ (Jasanoff 2005; Prainsack 2006) and argue that ‘animals’ and ‘care’ in Britain may converge in taken‐for‐granted assumptions about what constitutes good scientific knowledge. These ideas travel through things like state regulations or the editorial policies of science journals, but do not necessarily carry the embodied civic epistemology of ‘animals’ and ‘science’ from which such modes of regulating laboratory animal welfare comes.     

Disentangling the Financial Vulnerability of Nonprofits

This research analyzes the concept of financial vulnerability of nonprofits in depth. We review the definitions given by the prior literature, concluding that none of them is complete. We propose a definition in which financial vulnerability consists of three dimensions: operational (variation of net assets over time), leverage (relationship between total assets and debt), and liquidity (ratio of current assets to short-term debt). We use a sample of 212 Non-Governmental Development Organizations (NGDOs) from the United Kingdom to analyze these measures, observing a limited number of nonprofits simultaneously classified as vulnerable according to the different traditional concepts. Applying our proposed multidimensional model, we find that 6 % of the sample is highly financially vulnerable according to the three dimensions, and a high proportion (18 %) of nonprofits is simultaneously vulnerable in leverage and liquidity dimensions. Finally, we compare the obtained results using traditional variables and those derived from our model.     

Spanish Adolescents’ Attitudes toward Transpeople: Proposal and Validation of a Short Form of the Genderism and Transphobia Scale

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a short form of the Genderism and Transphobia Scale and assess adolescents’ attitudes toward transpeople. A total of 800 Spanish adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years (50.70% girls, 49.30% boys) completed the Spanish version of the scale and other related questionnaires. The short form of the scale is composed of 12 items clustered into two factors (Transphobia/Genderism and Gender Bashing) that explain 54.22% of the variance. All the items showed good discriminating power, and the present scale demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. In the study, boys exhibited significantly more negative attitudes toward transpeople than girls did, both in the affective/cognitive dimension (Transphobia/Genderism) and in the behavioral dimension (Gender Bashing). Moreover, adolescents showed significantly more negative attitudes toward gender-nonconforming men than toward gender-nonconforming women. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the maintenance of discriminatory attitudes toward sexual diversity.