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101.
102.
Patrick Michael Rooney 《Nonprofit management & leadership》1999,10(1):39-56
This article develops a new methodology for a more comprehensive and useful analysis of the costs and benefits of fundraising, as well as the total costs and net benefits associated with development efforts in general. This approach does a better job of linking the timing of return of fundraising efforts and measuring the actual return on investments in fundraising (as opposed to the reported return) than the widely used guidelines from the Council for Advancement and Support of Education and the National Association of College and University Business Officers (CASE/NACUBO) (1990). The implications are a better methodology for practitioners that they can use to enhance internal decision making and a better methodology for boards to use in evaluating performance and accountability. Recently, other large, public universities have begun using several of these concepts in the assessment of their development offices (Rooney, 1998). 相似文献
103.
Andreas I. Sashegyi K. Stephen Brown Patrick J. Farrell 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2000,28(1):45-63
Some studies generate data that can be grouped into clusters in more than one way. Consider for instance a smoking prevention study in which responses on smoking status are collected over several years in a cohort of students from a number of different schools. This yields longitudinal data, also cross‐sectionaliy clustered in schools. The authors present a model for analyzing binary data of this type, combining generalized estimating equations and estimation of random effects to address the longitudinal and cross‐sectional dependence, respectively. The estimation procedure for this model is discussed, as are the results of a simulation study used to investigate the properties of its estimates. An illustration using data from a smoking prevention trial is given. 相似文献
104.
Jury theorems with multiple alternatives 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Patrick Hummel 《Social Choice and Welfare》2010,34(1):65-103
I consider a game in which imperfectly informed jurors vote to select one of several possible choices when there is a natural
ordering of the possibilities. Each juror votes for the largest alternative the juror would like to implement, and the alternative
that is selected is the largest alternative supported by a given number of jurors. For non-unanimous voting rules, the probability
of a mistaken judgment goes to zero as the number of jurors goes to infinity. I also give necessary and sufficient conditions
to obtain asymptotic efficiency under unanimous voting rules, and show that unanimous rules may lead to a bias in which moderate
outcomes are never chosen. 相似文献
105.
David L. Tschirley Colin Poulton Nicholas Gergely Patrick Labaste John Baffes Duncan Boughton Grald Estur 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2010,28(3):295-323
This article analyses the performance of cotton sectors across East, Southern, and West Africa, paying particular attention to the wide diversity of institutional arrangements that they now exhibit. It finds strong support for earlier contentions regarding trade‐offs between competition and coordination, and between the roles of public and private sectors. New insights provide concrete and context‐specific guidance to policy‐makers and stakeholders regarding the key challenges they will face and the risks they will need to manage as they work to improve productivity and ensure an equitable division of benefits within cotton sectors. 相似文献
106.
107.
Patrick Heuveline Hongxing Yang Jeffrey M. Timberlake 《Journal of marriage and the family》2010,72(5):1362-1376
Research in the United States has shown that children growing up in 2‐parent households do better in school than children from single‐parent households. We used the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) data to test whether this finding applied to other countries as well (N = 100,307). We found that it did, but that the educational gap was greater in the United States than in the other 13 countries considered. Results from 2‐level hierarchical linear models demonstrated that international differences in the educational gap were associated with several indicators of national policy and demographic contexts. No single policy appeared to have a large effect, but several policy combinations were associated with substantially reduced educational gaps between children from different family structures. 相似文献
108.
John Patrick Roche 《Sociological spectrum》2013,33(2-3):169-186
This paper presents a critical review of the most frequently cited resurgence of ethnicity studies. Many of the sources cited in recently published ethnic relations books are found to lack an empirical base. They are essentially polemical, impressionistic and anecdotal works. Empirical studies that support the resurgence of ethnicity theme are also examined. Their shortcomings are noted. Nevertheless, these empirical studies provide convincing evidence that ethnic differences persist into the later generations. Overall, however, the empirical studies overwhelmingly document increasing assimilation. Virtually no evidence is found for the notion of a third generation resurgence. 相似文献
109.
110.
Richard G. Rogers Rebecca Rosenblatt Robert A. Hummer & Patrick M. Krueger 《Social science quarterly》2001,82(3):435-452
Objective . This article examines individual level black-white differences in adult homicide mortality. Homicide is a major social problem and a central cause of preventable death in the United States. A homicide not only claims one life prematurely but can also devastate a family, friends, and a neighboring community. Methods . We link eight consecutive years of the National Health Interview Survey (1987–94) to the Multiple Cause of Death file through the National Death Index (1987–97), and use Cox proportional hazard models to examine the role of social factors in black-white homicide mortality in the United States. Results . We find that individual level sociodemographic characteristics—age, sex, marital status, education, employment status, and geographic factors—explain almost 35 percent of the racial differences in homicide mortality. Conclusions . These results demonstrate the contributions that National Center for Health Statistics data can make to criminological literature and reveal the mechanisms through which blacks experience higher homicide mortality than whites. Such illumination may lead to a reduction in the fourth leading preventable cause of death in the United States. 相似文献