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71.
In this paper we look at a panel of OECD aggregate fertility and labor market data between 1970 and 1995 and we report some
striking recent developments. Total Fertility Rates (TFR) were falling and Female Participation Rates (FPR) were increasing,
conforming to a well known long-run trend. Along the cross-sectional dimension, the correlation between TFR and FPR was negative
and significant during the 1970's and up to the early 1980's. This seemed consistent with secular comovements. However, by
the late 1980's the correlation had become positive and equally significant. We discuss our findings within the framework
of standard neoclassical models of fertility and labor supply adapted to macro data, as in Butz and Ward (1979).
Received: 14 April 2000/Accepted: 29 December 2000
All correspondence to Pedro Mira. Namkee Ahn is grateful for financial support received from the Bank of Spain and from Spain's
Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, grant SEC97-1249. We benefited from comments by two anonymous referees and by seminar participants
at FEDEA, CEMFI and ESPE-98. All remaining errors are our own. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献
72.
Cristina?Rueda?SabaterEmail author Pedro?C.?Alvarez Esteban Agustín?Mayo?Iscar Ana?López?Díez 《Journal of Population Research》2004,21(1):73-93
Statistical methods of dimension reduction and classification are used to obtain homogeneous local-area clustering with regard
to the most relevant demographic parameters. The dimension reduction is conducted in two stages using Principal Component
Analysis and a modified k-mean procedure is proposed to determine the final clusters. This clustering will be useful in future
demographic studies at a local level, in particular to obtain forecasts of demographic rates and population projections. The
region of Castile and León in Spain is used to illustrate the method. A Poisson model is used to explore the advantages of
the new clustering over the more conventional classification based on provinces. 相似文献
73.
De Santis Mariana Olga Gáname María Cecilia Moncarz Pedro Esteban 《Social indicators research》2022,159(1):409-430
Social Indicators Research - United Nations Development Program presented the Human Development Index for ranking the countries with regard to three dimensions, namely being knowledgeable, a long... 相似文献
74.
Larrañaga Pedro Kuijpers Cindy M. H. Poza Mikel Murga Roberto H. 《Statistics and Computing》1997,7(1):19-34
In this paper we consider the optimal decomposition of Bayesian networks. More concretely, we examine empirically the applicability of genetic algorithms to the problem of the triangulation of moral graphs. This problem constitutes the only difficult step in the evidence propagation algorithm of Lauritzen and Spiegelhalter (1988) and is known to be NP-hard (Wen, 1991). We carry out experiments with distinct crossover and mutation operators and with different population sizes, mutation rates and selection biasses. The results are analysed statistically. They turn out to improve the results obtained with most other known triangulation methods (Kjærulff, 1990) and are comparable to results obtained with simulated annealing (Kjærulff, 1990; Kjærulff, 1992). 相似文献
75.
Richard M. Dunham Pedro R. Portes Shavon Williams 《Children and youth services review》1984,6(1):19-35
Evidence is offered that meaningful patterns of mother-child interaction could be detected in families more than 10 years after a family-centered, early age, preventive intervention. The interactions of mother-child dyads in a situational test during the child's early adolescence were examined for three experimental conditions: a lower socioeconomic experimental group that participated in the intervention for approximately 2 years, an untreated lower socioeconomic, and an untreated upper middle socioeconomic control group.Factor analyses of family interaction measures revealed three factors, which were called Democratic-Participatory Interaction, Mixed Dominance Interaction, and Mother Controlled Interaction. Separate ANOVAS based on factor scores were performed for each factor. Both the intervention group and the middle socioeconomic comparison group were significantly higher than in the lower socioeconomic comparison group in the first factor. 相似文献
76.
Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive (SETAR) models are a non-linear variant of conventional linear Autoregressive (AR) models. One advantage of SETAR models over conventional AR models lies in its flexible nature in dealing with possible asymmetric behaviour of economic variables. The concept of threshold cointegration implies that the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) at a particular interval is inactive as a result of adjustment costs, and active when deviations from equilibrium exceed certain thresholds. For instance, the presence of adjustment costs can, in many circumstances, justify the fact that economic agents intervene to recalibrate back to a tolerable limit, as in the case when the benefits of adjustment are superior to its costs. We introduce an approach that accounts for potential asymmetry and we investigate the presence of the relative version of the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis for 14 countries. Based on a threshold cointegration adaptation of the unit root test procedure suggested by Caner & Hansen (2001), we find evidence of an asymmetric adjustment for the relative version of PPP for eight pairs of countries. 相似文献
77.
Abstract. We characterize all symmetric location models for which a linear combination of the median and the sample mean is an asymptotically efficient estimator of the location parameter. The resulting model can be understood as a symmetrized or double truncated normal distribution. A simple algorithm to estimate the parameters is given and an application is presented. 相似文献
78.
The goal of the present article is to present a new measure developed to assess cognitive and emotional factors of sexual function. This instrument was developed especially to test some hypotheses derived from Beck's new theoretical conceptualization (the modes theory; A. T. Beck, 1996). This model, characterized by its systemic and integrated approach, constitutes a remarkable development from a linear to a network perspective of the cognitive‐emotional‐behavioral processes. The new concept of mode, as a composite of schemas (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) interacting together, is theoretically sound and supported by recent research findings from clinical and experimental sets (see A. T. Beck, 1996, for a revision). Our aim is to develop a new measure specifically created to assess these integrated and interdependent processes in the field of sexuality. The Sexual Modes Questionnaire (SMQ; male and female versions) is a combined measure constituted by three interdependent subscales: automatic thoughts, emotions, and sexual response presented during sexual activity. Psychometric studies showed good reliability and validity results in both versions, and high correlations between several dimensions of the three subscales support the concept of mode and its interactional character. Moreover, the capacity showed by the SMQ to discriminate between sexually functional and dysfunctional subjects and its high correlations with measures of sexual functioning emphasize the role of cognitive‐emotional processes on sexual problems, supporting the clinical value of the measure. 相似文献
79.
AbstractResponsiveness is one of the key performance factors that firms need to face up to the challenges posed by today’s markets. Many manufacturing firms are investing in advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) with a view to improving competitiveness. However, empirical evidence shows that investments in AMT alone do not lead to improvements in performance. In this study, a model that links AMT implementation and responsiveness through internal integration and external integration is proposed. A sample of 441 Spanish industrial companies was used to test the model through structural equation modelling. The findings highlight that internal integration needs to be supplemented with external integration in order to ensure that the implementation of AMT will result in improved responsiveness. Supply chain managers should focus on integration within the supply chain – firstly internal and later external – to obtain returns on investments in AMT in the form of improved flexibility and more reliable and faster deliveries. 相似文献
80.
The curve of correlation is a measure of local correlation between two random variables X and Y at the point X = x of the support of this variable. This article studies this local measure using the theory of time series for bivariate and univariate stationary stochastic process. We suggest local polynomial estimators for time series observing their consistency both theoretically and through simulations. For this, different sizes of series, bandwidths, and kernels, besides lags and models’ configurations were used. Applications have also been made using the daily returns of two financial series. 相似文献