Career Salience Among Nigerian Dual-Career Women

This study investigated the factors that relate to the career salience of Nigerian dual-career women. Findings showed that neither family size nor level of education related to the women's career salience. The husbands' level of education did relate to the women's career salience. Positive self-image and higher family income were identified as the advantages, while nonegalitarianism was emphasized as the major drawback of the dual-career relationship.     

Periodic integration: further results on model selection and forecasting

This paper considers model selection and forecasting issues in two closely related models for nonstationary periodic autoregressive time series [PAR]. Periodically integrated seasonal time series [PIAR] need a periodic differencing filter to remove the stochastic trend. On the other hand, when the nonperiodic first order differencing filter can be applied, one can have a periodic model with a nonseasonal unit root [PARI]. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate two testing strategies to select between these two models. Furthermore, we compare the relative forecasting performance of each model using Monte Carlo simulations and some U.K. macroeconomic seasonal time series. One result is that forecasting with PARI models while the data generating process is a PIAR process seems to be worse thanvice versa.     

Viewpoint: Power/difference

Postmodernisms and poststructuralisms have attempted to rearrange our social ways of seeing, saying and sharing: as such — but not alone — such cultural productions signify crises of social representation. These ‘notes for an investigation‘, in turning the subject, draw out some problems of (i) celebrating difference(s); (ii) continuing social forms that limit some human beings all of the time; and (iii) how some practical critiques that refuse an organizing social grammar that hurts can, in their claimed alternative totalization/essentialism (a) subordinate and exploit (b) deny embodied difference(s).     

Is screening and brief advice for problem drinkers by clergy feasible? A survey of clergy

Routine screening for alcohol abuse in primary care, with brief advice to stop drinking for those screening positive, can detect individuals with alcohol problems and reduce alcohol use and alcohol induced problems in those detected. Not everyone with alcohol problems sees a physician regularly, however, and not all respond to a physician's brief advice. To explore the feasibility of expanding screening for alcohol problems to clergy, we did a mailed survey to 315 clergy at Christian churches in Cleveland, Ohio. Clergy reported a variety of views about alcohol use and abuse, but most agreed that alcoholism is a disease. They indicated counseling a significant number of parishioners, and were receptive to learning brief screening questions to detect alcohol problems. We conclude that many clergy would be interested in a strategy of screening and then giving brief advice or referral to individuals found to have alcohol problems.     

Pervasive Muslim-Hindu fertility differences in India

Using the 1993 Indian Family and Health Survey, we examined Muslim-Hindu differences in (1) the parity-specific intent to have another child and (2) given a stated intent for no more children, reports of the current use of contraceptives. We found that Muslims are much more likely than Hindus to intend to have additional children and, among those who do not want more children, Muslims are much less likely than Hindus to use contraceptives. These findings are robust to model specification and pervasive across the states of India. This national study provides the context within which local studies should be enmeshed and begs for general (as opposed to place-specific) explanations for these pervasive differences.     

Contents of Volume 17, 2001

Volume Contents

Contents of Volume 17, 2001     

MODERNIZATION IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: THE POLITICIZATION OF THE ELDERLY

The rapid modernization in the People's Republic of China (PRC) allows us to identify some of the principles that underlie the changes in State-managed economies and their affects on the elderly. Modernization theory predicts that traditionally high status of the elderly declines with industrialization. This theory's difficulties can be overcome by using the variables of the "state" and the political economy by developing a model of "bureaucratic politics" and the "state" which explains "how" the status of the elderly changes through the interplay of competing interests within the society and thus may "increase" or "decrease" as the society modernizes. This research is based on data collected in the PRC between 1981–1986. Since 1978 there have been three major reform efforts; each has consequences for the elderly: (1) economic, (2) bureaucratic, and (3) population. In order to achieve them, programming for elderly is occurring: (1) retirement pensions and medical care, (2) homes for the aged, and (3) special activities to use the "left over energy" of the elderly. The future importance of the elderly in China will depend on their consequences for (1) the developing economy, (2) the bureaucratic politics of the Party and the State, and (3) other agendas of the State the implicate the elderly.