The Effect of Care Setting on Elder Abuse: Results from a Michigan Survey

This study compares abuse rates for elders age 60 and older in three care settings: nursing home, paid home care, and assisted living. The results are based on a 2005 random-digit dial survey of relatives of, or those responsible for, a person in long-term care. Nursing homes have the highest rates of all types of abuse, although paid home care has a relatively high rate of verbal abuse and assisted living has an unexpected high rate of neglect. Even when adjusting for health conditions, care setting is a significant factor in both caretaking and neglect abuses. Moving from paid home care to nursing homes is shown to more than triple the odds of neglect. Furthermore, when computing abuse rates by care setting for persons with specified health conditions, nursing homes no longer have the highest abuse rates.     

论现代企业管理的伦理性

在市场经济条件下 ,面对日益激烈的市场竞争 ,深化改革、加强管理、增强竞争力是现代企业管理的一项迫切任务 ,其中企业伦理建设在现代企业管理中的重要地位和作用也逐步显现出来。本文围绕现代管理、现代企业制度、企业伦理对现代企业管理的伦理性进行分析 ,并就如何应用企业管理的伦理性来规范和提升管理行为提出一些建议 ,力求为现代企业管理提供借鉴。     

Stochastic Spanning

ABSTRACT

This study develops and implements methods for determining whether introducing new securities or relaxing investment constraints improves the investment opportunity set for all risk averse investors. We develop a test procedure for “stochastic spanning” for two nested portfolio sets based on subsampling and linear programming. The test is statistically consistent and asymptotically exact for a class of weakly dependent processes. A Monte Carlo simulation experiment shows good statistical size and power properties in finite samples of realistic dimensions. In an application to standard datasets of historical stock market returns, we accept market portfolio efficiency but reject two-fund separation, which suggests an important role for higher-order moment risk in portfolio theory and asset pricing. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Participation of youth in decision‐making procedures during residential care: A narrative review

Participation in decision‐making procedures of young people in care is considered a key element that affects their current or future living circumstances and might improve the quality of decision‐making on and delivery of provided services. This narrative literature review, covering the period 2000–2016, focuses on the opportunities of young people to participate, the challenges and facilitators to participation, and the outcomes of care related to participation. Sixteen studies met our search criteria. Several studies show that young people seem to have limited possibilities to “meaningful” participation in decision‐making. Various challenges and facilitators in the participation process emerge with regard to the level of the young person, the professional, and the (sociocultural) context. None of the studies provides evidence for a connection between the “amount” of youth participation in decision‐making and/or treatment during the care process and the outcomes of residential care. Implications for research and practice are reflected upon.     

A Note on Discriminant Analysis Using LAD

Using a regression approach to discriminant analysis is often incorrect because it forces the use of a binary dependent variable which violates virtually any distributional assumption for a linear model. However, assuming a Laplace distribution in an LP framework leads to a theoretical foundation for MSD discriminant analysis.     

The value of employment for people living with spinal cord injury in Norway

The purpose of this article is to examine the value of employment for people living with spinal cord injury in Norway. The main focus in the 31 interviews dealt with general perceptions of integration and participation. The value of employment was a major theme, primarily described by the participants in terms of personal and social identity in interaction with others, as a hegemonic social norm and a sense of moral obligation to contribute to society. The value of meaningful regular jobs – in contrast to government projects jobs or routine jobs – was emphasized.     

Migrant and asylum-seeker children returned to Kosovo and Albania: predictive factors for social–emotional wellbeing after return

The return of rejected asylum seekers has a high priority on the national agendas of European States. In order to make well-informed asylum decisions involving children, knowledge of how asylum-seeker children fare after their return to their countries of origin is needed. This study aims to gain knowledge about the child-rearing environment and the social–emotional wellbeing of migrant children who have returned to Kosovo and Albania after a stay in a European host country. Based on a sample of 106 returned families, the study investigated the predictive factors for children’s social–emotional wellbeing using regression analyses. The findings show that procedural characteristics and ethnicity predict wellbeing, mediated through the quality of the child-rearing environment. The most vulnerable children did not have a stable resident status in the host country, belonged to a minority ethnic group and were older adolescents. The findings indicate that the wellbeing of returned children is not only dependent on conditions after repatriation, but also on the conditions which the families left in the host country. To enable sustainable return in a child’s best interests, the needs of vulnerable families and children should be thoroughly assessed prior to return, and reintegration support should be tailored to their situation.     

The impact of schools self-administering substance abuse surveys: an evaluation

The literature suggests that administering drug surveys to public school students is best done by persons outside of the school system (or at least unfamiliar to the students). This is the approach used by the long-time Monitoring the Future project. Because of the increased costs that administration by outside research associates requires (both time and transportation), we decided to design an experiment that would compare it to administration by school personnel. Six school systems were split, and 3756 surveys were administered, about half by outside research associates and half by school personnel. The results indicate that there were minimal and non-significant differences between the two groups. On the basis of these results, we draw the conclusion that school personnel are able to administer survey instruments without affecting the quality of the results and, thus, that school districts may safely use such data in the evaluation of their drug education and drug prevention programs.     

Ages at menarche and menopause: Some mediaeval authorities

Abstract It is well known that the duration of the fecund period in the female has not been constant, in the last couple of centuries at least. Tanner(1) has assembled the best menarche statistics currently available for Western peoples in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and has concluded that the average age at menarche has fallen fairly consistently, at a rate of four months per decade, since c. 1830. This puts menarche somewhere between 15+ and 17+ in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, against equivalent figures of 12+ and 14 in the mid-twentieth. For earlier periods Tanner's methods cannot be applied because of the lack of clinical data of the order he requires; but Backman, in a more general survey, concluded that in classical antiquity the time of menarche was fairly constant at around the age of fourteen and probably remained at about that age until the beginning of the modern era, But c. 1500, or earlier, a retardation of menarche began throughout Europe ... By the end of the eighteenth century this process of retardation had produced the very high figure of 17·5-18 years, at least in northern Europe. In the early nineteenth century, perhaps c. 1830, there began a progressive decline in the age of menarche, which now seems to be levelling out at around the age of 14·0-14·5.