In-vehicle fatalities,seat belts,and compulsory seat belt legislation: The Manitoba experience

Using medical data from the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) the paper presents an exploratory mutivariate statistical analysis of in-vehicle mortality in Manitoba, 1983–85. It is found that total mortality had increased in excess of 31% following the introduction of compulsory seat-belt legislation in April, 1984. It is also found that in-vehicle mortality is related to average age of drivers/occupants, sex of victims, blood alcohol level, and in some cases seat-belt use. Since the data represents a chronological series it is not possible to disentangle the physical effect of seat-belts and the compulsory seat-belt legislation.     

The Roles of Instability and Housing in Low-Income Families’ Residential Mobility

Given the repercussions of residential mobility, increased understanding of correlates of mobility is important for efforts to support family well-being. Using survey data on low-income families from the Three City Study (N = 2393), multilevel mixed longitudinal analyses examined factors associated with family residential mobility across the domains of family instability, housing and neighborhood contexts, and family characteristics. Results revealed contributions of family instability and housing and neighborhood contexts to residential mobility, with a higher rate of residential moves associated with experiences of intimate partner violence, relationship transitions, and job transitions, as well as with living in private-market rentals, substandard housing, and disordered neighborhoods. However, owning a home and living in disadvantaged neighborhoods predicted a lower rate of residential moves.     

从"西方马克思主义"到西方"马克思学"——诺曼·莱文教授访谈录

诺曼·莱文是当代美国著名的马克思主义研究者,他以极端的“马克思恩格斯对立论”立场而闻名,这一主题贯穿了他从《可悲的骗局:马克思反对恩格斯》(1975年)到《不同的道路:马克思主义和恩格斯主义中的黑格尔》(2006年)的全部重要著作。1981年,中央编译局杜章智先生在《马列著作编译资料》第14辑上对莱文的《可悲的骗局》一书进行了详细的摘编和评论,莱文的观点在我国学界产生了很大影响。莱文所指认的马克思与恩格斯的思想关系问题,从根本上说是如何理解马克思主义的实质、如何理解马克思主义发展中的继承与创新问题;从更大的历史视角着眼,则是关于马克思主义哲学的发展道路问题。因此,这是十分重要的问题。近20年来,国内学界对莱文的学术观点尤其是他的马克思恩格斯对立论多有批判,本刊在2005年第1期发表的《马克思主义哲学视域中的恩格斯——纪念恩格斯逝世110周年笔谈》中曾对此问题进行了一些思考,对莱文的观点也有所涉及。但由于缺乏必要的历史和学术背景资料,相关的研究还有待深入。有鉴于此,本刊本期发表张亮博士最近对莱文先生的访谈录。在访谈中,莱文教授比较详细地介绍了其思想发展历程及主要学术观点。尽管本刊并不认同莱文教授的某些观点,但我们认为本文对于了解马克思恩格斯对立论的历史形成、20世纪美国马克思主义研究的历史与现状、“西方马克思主义”在美国的流变、西方“马克思学”的兴起等具有重要参考价值。我们希望以此把马克思主义哲学史研究中的这一重要问题引向深入,从而推动马克思主义哲学的发展。     

Daughter‐Father Relationships and Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning in Low‐Income African American Families

This study examines the role of biological and social fathers in the lives of low‐income African American adolescent girls (N= 302). Sixty‐five percent of adolescents identified a primary father; two thirds were biological and one third were social fathers. Adolescents reported more contentious and less close relationships with biological than with social fathers. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that daughters' perceptions of anger and alienation from fathers was related to greater emotional and behavioral problems for adolescents, whereas perceptions of trust and communication with fathers were not predictive of youth outcomes. These relationships were generally similar for biological and social fathers, but differed according to fathers' level of contact with their daughters. A combination of low contact and high levels of either anger or trust in the daughter‐father relationship related to particularly deleterious psychosocial outcomes for adolescent girls.     

Reducing transfers of children in family foster care through onsite mental health interventions

This article describes a successful pilot project in New York City that effectively reduced the number of transfers or replacements of children in family foster care through the placement of mental health clinicians onsite at two foster care agencies.     

Developing Evidence-Based Interventions for Foster Children: An Example of a Randomized Clinical Trial with Infants and Toddlers

Children who enter foster care have usually experienced maltreatment as well as disruptions in relationships with primary caregivers. These children are at risk for a host of problematic outcomes. However, there are few evidence-based interventions that target foster children. This article presents preliminary data testing the effectiveness of an intervention, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up, to target relationship formation in young children in the foster care system. Children were randomly assigned to the experimental intervention that was designed to enhance regulatory capabilities or to a control intervention. In both conditions, the foster parents received in-home training for 10 weekly sessions. Post-intervention measures were collected 1 month following the completion of the training. Outcome measures included children's diurnal production of cortisol (a stress hormone), and parent report of children's problem behaviors. Children in the experimental intervention group had lower cortisol values than children in the control intervention. Also, the experimental intervention parents reported fewer behavior problems for older versus younger foster children. Results provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of an intervention that targets children's regulatory capabilities and serve as an example of how interventions can effectively target foster children in the child welfare system.