The legitimacy of social enterprise

Social enterprise has emerged as a businesslike contrast to the traditional nonprofit organization. This article develops an explanatory direction for social enterprise based on institutional perspectives rather than more traditional rational economic concepts. Through Suchman's typology of legitimacy (1995), the article argues that the origin and evolution of social enterprise is put into dramatically different focus, particularly through the concept of moral legitimacy. Moral legitimacy not only connects the overall emergence of social enterprise with neoconservative, pro‐business, and promarket political and ideological values that have become central in many nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development but also explains the observation that social enterprise is being more frequently understood and practiced in more narrow commercial and revenue‐generation terms.     

探析我国金融控股公司的建立模式与监管制度

金融服务业的变革和一体化,促进了金融集团及金融控股公司的发展。我国金融控股公司有两种模式:非金融企业控股公司和银行控股公司。在监管制度上,强调应实行综合监管与分业监管相结合,从传统监管方式向风险目标值法转移,要制定对金融控股公司资本充足性的监管,建立内部的“防火墙”。     

播音主持有声语言形象感的音声创造

播音主持语言具有音声性的特点,认真分析播音作品中语言的形象感,并通过词语的语音要素用恰当多样的声音将其表现出来,创造出丰富可感的声音形象,可以充分调动受众在视听过程中的各种心理功能。本文细致分析不同文体的播音作品,并对各种文体提出音声创造中的不同要求。     

Native American drinking: a neglected subject of study and research

Although Native Americans are plagued by high rates of alcoholism, violence, suicide and early death, these social and clinical problems are usually given little more than cursory treatment in textbooks. A content analysis of twenty-six textbooks on alcoholism and substance misuse revealed that only four provided a detailed discussion of Native American drinking. Greater attention needs to be given to the cultural, psychological, and biological issues of drinking and drunkenness among this special population.     

Analytical approximations for iterated bootstrap confidence intervals

Standard algorithms for the construction of iterated bootstrap confidence intervals are computationally very demanding, requiring nested levels of bootstrap resampling. We propose an alternative approach to constructing double bootstrap confidence intervals that involves replacing the inner level of resampling by an analytical approximation. This approximation is based on saddlepoint methods and a tail probability approximation of DiCiccio and Martin (1991). Our technique significantly reduces the computational expense of iterated bootstrap calculations. A formal algorithm for the construction of our approximate iterated bootstrap confidence intervals is presented, and some crucial practical issues arising in its implementation are discussed. Our procedure is illustrated in the case of constructing confidence intervals for ratios of means using both real and simulated data. We repeat an experiment of Schenker (1985) involving the construction of bootstrap confidence intervals for a variance and demonstrate that our technique makes feasible the construction of accurate bootstrap confidence intervals in that context. Finally, we investigate the use of our technique in a more complex setting, that of constructing confidence intervals for a correlation coefficient.     

美国与日本战争赔偿方式的演变

战后日本战争赔偿方式在美国的控制下先后经历了从实物赔偿到劳务赔偿再到资本赔偿的变迁。随着对东南亚的赔偿最终被纳入美国东亚遏制政策的轨道 ,日本得以将惩罚性的战争赔偿转变为一种有效的经济外交手段     

论《周易》中圣人崇拜思想及影响

《周易》的圣人崇拜思想 ,既有积极作用 ,更多的是消极作用 ,必须在新时代加以转换     

论跨越式发展

中国正在工业化过程中和现代化初期,经济发展有着广阔的空间;中国共产党的领导和先进的社会主义制度.是实现跨越式发展的最根本的保证;20多年的改革开放为实现跨越式发展奠定了坚实的物质基础;科学技术迅猛发展,为跨越式发展提供了便利的条件。这就要求我们大力推进科技进步和创新,全面提高全民族的素质。深化改革,不断调动各方面的积极性,培养和造就一支适应知识经济时代的科技人才队伍,以实现生产力的跨越式发展。     

AIDS as a political issue: working with the sexually prostituted in the Philippines

An estimated 200,000-500,000 men, women, and children work in prostitution in the Philippines in a variety of venues, including brothels, nightclubs, pubs, massage parlors, and other legitimate entertainment establishments. Few, however, are voluntary prostitutes. Many people who work as prostitutes have been recruited from the provinces, kept in conditions similar to slavery, and forced to earn money from prostitution to pay for their transportation, board, and lodging. Many prostitutes work in urban centers and tourist resorts in the countryside. During the 1970s, then President Ferdinand Marcos promoted tourism as a major industry, effectively marketing attractive Filipinas to tourists. Sex tourism has flourished in the country ever since. Thousands of prostitutes are also located in Olongapo and Angeles, 2 cities north of Manila, from where they serve the sexual desires of US military personnel. The presence of US military personnel in the Philippines has always been associated with prostitution. The country's social hygiene centers, prostitutes in Manila and Davao, and AIDS education are briefly discussed.     

From making to being the excuse: An analysis of deception and verbal/nonverbal issues

Excuse-making is defined, and the issues of deception and verbal/nonverbal presentations are discussed in regard to the excuse process. Subsequently, the deception and verbal/nonverbal issues are described in greater detail in the context of whether the excuse occurs temporally after a negative outcome (retrospective), before a negative outcome (anticipatory), or as part of the characterological makeup of the person (incorporated). Going from retrospective to anticipatory to incorporated excuses, it is concluded that the role of nonverbal factors increases. Likewise, in the progression from making to being the excuse, it is argued that self- and other-deception also become more pervasive.