Social Work with Rural Peoples (3rd ed.), Ken Collier,Vancouver, BC: New Star Books, 2006, Paper

This qualitative study explored how White parents who identify as antiracist apply antiracism principles to parenting their White children. Participants discussed how they attempt to incorporate antiracism values into their parenting, their children’s racial awareness, and the impact of race and racism on their children. Our findings indicate significant inconsistencies between antiracist values and parenting practices. The main difference between antiracist White parents and nonantiracist-identified White parents was awareness. Although antiracist White parents overall conveyed an awareness of racism as a system of unearned privileges, there was minimal modeling of antiracist action.     

Negotiating with Gatekeepers in Research with Disadvantaged Children: A Case Study of Children of Mothers with Intellectual Disability

Child‐oriented researchers have long recognised children's right to be heard in research about their lives and, as experts about childhood, their perspectives should inform social policy and research. While it is encouraging that more children are consulted about matters of importance to them, some children's voices remain silenced. When researchers have to liaise with adults, such as parents and social workers, to recruit children, these adults make decisions about who participates. An account of recruiting children of mothers with intellectual disability, a potentially disadvantaged group, is presented. The reasons for gatekeeping and the implications of this are explored.     

Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse by Targeting Pre-Offenders Before First Offense

The population of potential child abuse offenders has largely been unstudied. In the current study, we examine whether a six-component model used for primary diabetes prevention could be adapted to child sexual abuse pre-offenders, whereby individuals who are prone to sexual abuse but have not yet committed an offense can be prevented from committing a first offense. The six components include: define and track the magnitude of the problem, delineate a well-established risk factor profile so that at-risk persons can be identified, define valid screening tests to correctly rule in those with the disease and rule out those without disease, test effectiveness of interventions—the Dunkelfeld Project is an example, produce and disseminate reliable outcome data so that widespread application can be justified, and establish a system for continuous improvement. By using the diabetes primary prevention model as a model, the number of victims of child sexual abuse might be diminished.     

Dignifying Argentina: Peronism,Citizenship, and Mass Consumption

Le Mouvement Social. Numéro ioo (Paris, 1977), 155 (Les Editions Ouvrières, 18F, 20F abroad).

Jon Bloomfield (ed.), Class, Hegemony and Party (1977), 125 (Lawrence and Wishart, paperback £1.50).

Peter Clark, English Provincial Society from the Reformation to the Revolution. Religion, Politics and Society in Kent 1500–1640 (1977), xiii+504 (Harvester Press, £17.95).

Werner Conze (ed.), Sozialgeschichte der Familie in der Neuzeit Europas: neue Forschungen (1976), 401 (Ernst Klett Verlag, Stuttgart, DM 69). (Social History of the Modern European Family: New Research.)

Alan Macfarlane, in collaboration with Sarah Harrison and Charles Jardine, Recon‐structing Historical Communities (1977), xii+222 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £3.95).

Michael Flinn et al., Scottish Population History from the Seventeenth Century to the 1930s (1978), xxv+547 (Cambridge University Press, £19.50).

John Money, Experience and Identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1800 (1977), VÜ+31Z (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £9.95).

Phillip McCann (ed.), Popular Education and Socialization in the Nineteenth Century (1977), xii+276 (Methuen, £5.25).

Howard Zehr, Crime and the Development of Modern Society (1976), 188 (Croom Helm, £7.50).

John D. Post, The Last Great Subsistence Crisis in the Western World (1977), xv+240 (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, £9.70).

Derek Fraser, Urban Politics in Victorian England (1976), 324 (Leicester University Press, £12.00).

Louis Galambos, The Public Image of Big Business in America, 1880–1940. A Quantitative Study In Social Change (1976), xii+324 (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, £12.00).

José Harris, William Beveridge, A Biography (1977), viii+488 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £9.50).

Raymond Challinor, The Origins of British Bolshevism (1977), 291 (Croom Helm, £8.50).

Hermann Glaser, The Cultural Roots of National Socialism, translated by Ernest A. Menze (1978), 289 (Croom Helm, £8.50).     

Estimating Conditional Probabilities of Terrorist Attacks: Modeling Adversaries with Uncertain Value Tradeoffs

Many analyses conducted to inform security decisions depend on estimates of the conditional probabilities of different attack alternatives. These probabilities are difficult to estimate since analysts have limited access to the adversary and limited knowledge of the adversary’s utility function, so subject matter experts often provide the estimates through direct elicitation. In this article, we describe a method of using uncertainty in utility function value tradeoffs to model the adversary’s decision process and solve for the conditional probabilities of different attacks in closed form. The conditional probabilities are suitable to be used as inputs to probabilistic risk assessments and other decision support techniques. The process we describe is an extension of value‐focused thinking and is broadly applicable, including in general business decision making. We demonstrate the use of this technique with simple examples.     

Building partnerships with low-income families of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications for professional school counselors

Parental involvement is vital in helping students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) perform successfully in schools. Often, low-income families are not involved in their children's education. Therefore, the school counselor's role in partnering with families of students with ADHD to work for their children's academic and social success in school is addressed. Effective ways professional school counselors can encourage parental involvement, such as trainings and family education programs, are also explored.     

How Infants Encode Spatial Extent

This study explores how infants encode an object's spatial extent. We habituated 6.5‐month‐old infants to a dowel inside a container and then tested whether they dishabituate to a change in absolute size when the relation between dowel and container is held constant (by altering the size of both container and dowel) and when the relation changes (by altering only the size of the container but not the dowel). Infants only dishabituated when the relation changed, suggesting that they do not encode the absolute size of either object but only the relation between them.     

Purpose plus: supporting youth purpose, control, and academic achievement

Research in the past decade suggests that a persistent achievement gap between students from low-income minority backgrounds and higher-income white backgrounds may be rooted in theories of student motivation and youth purpose. Yet limited research exists regarding the role of purpose on positive youth development as it pertains to academic achievement. Using a sample of 209 high school students, this study examines the effectiveness of an intervention designed to promote purpose development and internal control over academic success in high school students from a low-socioeconomic-status community. Findings reveal that a short-term intervention was effective in significantly increasing internal control over academic success and purpose in life for students participating in the intervention group. In addition, analysis of academic achievement for students who experienced positive gains in internal control and purpose demonstrates significant gains in academic achievement as measured by grade point average. Implications are made for further study of internal control and life purpose as a means of academic intervention in the effort to address the achievement gap.     

Do Children's Behavior Problems Limit Poor Women's Labor Market Success?

Economically disadvantaged mothers face numerous barriers to stable, quality employment opportunities. One barrier that has received limited attention in previous research is having a child with significant psychological or behavioral problems. Using a representative sample of low‐income mothers and early adolescent children from the Three‐City Study (N = 717), we assessed whether adolescents' behavior problems prospectively predicted mothers' employment status, consistency, and quality. Lagged random‐effects regression models suggested that adolescents' psychological distress and delinquency inhibited the labor market success of disadvantaged mothers, although school problems were related to greater work effort among mothers. Links between labor market success and both psychological distress and delinquency differed across mothers with male and female adolescents.