Enclosed versus open nursing stations in adult acute care psychiatric settings: does the design affect the therapeutic milieu?

Specific efforts by hospital accreditation organizations encourage renovation of nursing stations, so nurses can better see, attend, and care for their patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nursing station design on the therapeutic milieu in an adult acute care psychiatric unit. A repeated cross-sectional, pretest-posttest design was used. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 81 patients and 25 nursing staff members who completed the Ward Atmosphere Scale. Pretest data were collected when the unit had an enclosed nursing station, and posttest data were collected after renovations to the unit created an open nursing station. No statistically significant differences were found in patient or staff perceptions of the therapeutic milieu. No increase in aggression toward staff was found, given patients' ease of access to the nursing station. More research is needed about the impact of unit design in acute care psychiatric settings.     

我国高校校园体育文化建设机制研究

建设机制对高校校园体育文化建设的效果起着决定性作用,因此,对高校品牌形象的塑造具有重要意义。文章运用文献资料法以及个案分析法,对高校校园体育文化建设机制要素进行了梳理与剖析,总结了我国高校校园体育文化建设机制的成功经验,并对如何进行我国高校校园体育文化建设提出了建议。     

A robust QTL mapping procedure

In quantitative trait linkage studies using experimental crosses, the conventional normal location-shift model or other parameterizations may be unnecessarily restrictive. We generalize the mapping problem to a genuine nonparametric setup and provide a robust estimation procedure for the situation where the underlying phenotype distributions are completely unspecified. Classical Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney statistics are employed for point and interval estimation of QTL positions and effects.     

A balancing act in urban social-ecology: human appreciation,ponds and dragonflies

Green spaces in cities provide cultural ecosystems services (CES) such as nature connection, wildlife interaction and aesthetic appreciation which can improve aspects of human well-being. Recognising these benefits, researchers are now examining the complex relationship between humans and nature in urban social-ecology. Most studies investigate people’s appreciation and valuation of different green space features and their contribution to urban biodiversity. Recommendations arising from such studies are best practices to achieve a balance between landscape aesthetic and ecological objectives, but many knowledge gaps still exist. In a social-ecological project in Greater London, appreciation of ponds and dragonflies in urban green spaces, and the environmental factors determining dragonfly diversity were investigated. We found ponds and their appearance were valued by people as enhancing their green space experience. The preference for wild-looking ponds was moderate. Dragonflies were enjoyed for their colour and high visibility, especially by those who had basic dragonfly knowledge. Species richness of dragonflies was positively associated with habitat heterogeneity in and around a pond. However, people were unable to relate a heterogeneous pond to more dragonfly species. For the first time, some factors that influence the human appreciation-ponds-dragonflies (HPD) relationship in an urban context are revealed. To fully realise the CES potential of ponds and dragonflies in Greater London, a HPD framework is proposed. The framework underpins strategies that foster cultural sustainability for ponds and dragonfly conservation.     

Schematic saturated orthogonal arrays obtained by using the contractive replacement method

This paper presents a general method of constructing schematic saturated orthogonal arrays of strength two. We consider a class of mixed saturated orthogonal arrays produced from saturated symmetric orthogonal arrays by using the contractive replacement method, study the Hamming distances of the rows, construct their association schemes, and prove that they are schematic. Some examples are given to illustrate this construction method.     

胡适的文学自然进化论

胡适文学革命思想的核心是文学的进化论。胡适认为文学像生物进化一样有自然演变进化的过程,因而不同的时代必定有不同的文学。文学的演变进化有两条规律:一是文学的自然进化,一是文学的接触进化。文学自然趋势的逐渐实现便是文学的自然进化。白话文学是文言文学自然进化的结果。在文学的自然进化过程中,文学的内容是随着时代的不同而必定自然的演化,而内容的自然演进必定影响形式的自然进化,所以一个时代有一个时代的文学。在文学自然进化的过程中,有时也需要人力的督促才能加快文学的自然演进,人力的督促便是文学革命。     

使用词汇化句干对二语语用能力的影响

大多数语言中均普遍存在相当数量的词汇化句干，此类语言信息块的使用能够缩短使用者话语输出的编码时间，提高理解语言输入的解码效率。故此，二语学习者需要增强对目标语语块信息的注意力，将之内化进而提高二语语用能力。词汇化句干对中介语发展的实证研究表明，词汇化句干的使用将促进中介语的发展。     

迈向精细化的乡村治理——以一个陇西移民村的治理实践为例

自党的十八届五中全会提出"加强和创新社会治理,推进社会治理精细化,构建全民共建共享的社会治理格局"的总目标以来,"精细化治理"成为推进国家治理能力和治理体系现代化的重要议题。以一个移民村的治理实践为例,分别从政策执行的精细化、村干部权责的精细化以及村民日常生活的精细化三个维度阐释D村乡村治理中的精细化趋向及其背后的运作机制与内在逻辑。研究发现:在国家的精细化治理要求下,细致的政策制定构建了精细的乡村治理组织体系,从而进一步明晰了村干部的权责匹配,由此形成了自上而下的精细化乡村治理路径;同时,村民在日常生活中的精准需求助推了乡村治理评价体系的细化,又自下而上地倒逼着乡村治理朝向精细化发展。但迈向精细化的乡村治理仍然存在若干现实问题,如何能在这一路径下实现乡村治理有效,还有待进一步的理论探讨与实践探索。     

Peter Schmidt: Econometrician and consummate professional

Peter Schmidt has been one of its best-known and most respected econometricians in the profession for four decades. He has brought his talents to many scholarly outlets and societies, and has played a foundational and constructive role in the development of the field of econometrics. Peter Schmidt has also served and led the development of Econometric Reviews since its inception in 1982. His judgment has always been fair, informed, clear, decisive, and constructive. Respect for ideas and scholarship of others, young and old, is second nature to him. This is the best of traits, and Peter serves as an uncommon example to us all. The seventeen articles that make up this Econometric Reviews Special Issue in Honor of Peter Schmidt represent the work of fifty of the very best econometricians in our profession. They honor Professor Schmidt's lifelong accomplishments by providing fundamental research work that reflects many of the broad research themes that have distinguished his long and productive career. These include time series econometrics, panel data econometrics, and stochastic frontier production analysis.