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91.
This article studies households' valuation of neighborhood amenities through analysis of housing as a bundle of structural and neighborhood characteristics. Using statistical techniques, hedonic prices, or incremental values in the market, can be imputed to each element of the bundle. Twelve variables describe neighborhood crime; twenty-one variables describe neighborhood schools. Together with structural variables, they significantly and substantially explain house prices in the Baltimore metropolitan area. The technique is also shown to provide a market framework for approximating the benefits of localized neighborhood improvements.The authors wish to thank David Puryear, Ralph Taylor, and the two anonymous referees for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. We also thank Central Maryland Multiple Listing Service, the Baltimore City and Baltimore County Police Departments, and the Johns Hopkins Center for the Social Organization of Schools for house price, crime, and education data. None of the people or organizations listed is in any way responsible for the analyses or conclusions presented. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. Allen C. Goodman, Center for Metropolitan Planning and Research, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218. 相似文献
92.
Mark Ezell Robin Spath Anat Zeira Cinzia Canali Elizabeth Fernandez June Thoburn Tiziano Vecchiato 《Children and youth services review》2011,33(10):1847-1854
A major challenge in child welfare is whether a program (or service) developed and successfully implemented in one jurisdiction, especially another country, will attain the same outcomes for children and families in another jurisdiction? This paper presents the “DCE Classification System” (Defining, Classifying, and Evaluating), a classification system that facilitates cross-jurisdiction comparisons of child and family services. The paper reviews the cross-national research literature in child and family services as well as literature on classification schemes and typologies. As an example of the issues that arise when importing a promising program, we briefly highlight the exporting and importing of family group conferencing. After tracing the history and development of the DCE Classification System, the paper describes the proposed classification scheme, and provides a brief example of how researchers and practitioners can use the classification system for cross-national comparisons of client outcomes and program costs. Finally, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, as well as possible benefits for child and family practices. 相似文献
93.
Jacob RT 《Evaluation review》2011,35(1):40-70
The use of web-based surveys to gather information from teachers has become increasingly common primarily based on the premise that they can reduce costs. Yet, relatively, little is known about the quality or cost effectiveness of web-based versus mail surveys for teachers. To study the efficacy of web-based teacher surveys, the author randomly assigned a nationally representative sample of 877 elementary school teachers to a paper or web survey mode. The cost savings from the web administration were not enough to offset the loss of sample due to missing/inaccurate email addresses and the lower response rates that resulted from the web survey. 相似文献
94.
95.
罗宾·福塞特 《北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2009,25(4):89-100
文章有两个目的,其一是为中国学者介绍经过语义化的英语语气系统网络,其二是说明以新的语气系统网络替代之前旧的语气系统网络的重要性。文章的前半部分,即一至四章,通过介绍本文的研究方向,回答关于语气系统的三个问题,回顾早期对语气系统的语义化描述,并阐释影响语气系统语义化进程的因素,从而说明第二个目的。第一个目的由较长的第五章实现,它和附录一起构成了文章的后半部分,着重呈现了一个全新的经过语义化的语气系统网络。 相似文献
96.
罗宾·福塞特 《北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2009,25(2):83-98
文章有两个目的,其一是为中国学者介绍经过语义化的英语语气系统网络,其二是说明以新的语气系统网络替代之前旧的语气系统网络的重要性。文章的前半部分,即一至四章,通过介绍本文的研究方向,回答关于语气系统的三个问题,回顾早期对语气系统的语义化描述,并阐释影响语气系统语义化进程的因素,从而说明第二个目的。第一个目的由较长的第五章实现,它和附录一起构成了文章的后半部分,着重呈现了一个全新的经过语义化的语气系统网络。 相似文献
97.
One method of assessing the fit of an event history model is to plot the empirical standard deviation of standardised martingale
residuals. We develop an alternative procedure which is valid also in the presence of measurement error and applicable to
both longitudinal and recurrent event data. Since the covariance between martingale residuals at times t
0 and t > t
0 is independent of t, a plot of these covariances should, for fixed t
0, have no time trend. A test statistic is developed from the increments in the estimated covariances, and we investigate its
properties under various types of model misspecification. Applications of the approach are presented using two Brazilian studies
measuring daily prevalence and incidence of infant diarrhoea and a longitudinal study into treatment of schizophrenia. 相似文献
98.
Mystery or Typical Teen? The Social Construction of Academic Engagement and Disability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robin M. Smith 《Disability & Society》2000,15(6):909-922
A qualitative study of academic engagement of five high school students labelled mentally retarded describes strategies of student participation and non-participation, and teacher perceptions. These students were non-verbal or inarticulate, and functioned in an environment of competing formal and informal assessments of their participation and understanding in the academic environment. Teachers' informal assessments of student participation revealed how the students challenged the conventional categories employed by teachers. The examples show the power of educators' perceptions to reveal or obscure student engagement. 相似文献
99.
100.
The present study addresses the social cognition of socially anxious children, with particular emphasis on their ability to understand others' mental states in interpersonal situations. The heterogeneous sample used in this preliminary investigation consisted of 63 primary school children in England and the USA. The English children were from a mainstream classroom of 8- to 9-year-olds, while the children from the USA ranged in age from 6 to 11 years and had been selected by school district officials for a variety of social interaction difficulties. All children completed measures of social anxiety, shy negative affect, and various social-cognitive abilities, and teacher ratings of social skills were additionally available for the USA subgroup. Results showed that feelings of social anxiety are not associated with any basic deficit in the understanding of recursive mental states which concern facts about the physical world. However, there was evidence that socially anxious children—particularly those with high levels of shy negative affect—do experience specific social-cognitive difficulties in understanding the links between emotions, intentions, and beliefs in social situations. Providing further support for this link, socially anxious children were rated by their teachers as poorer than non-anxious children only on social skills that require insight into others' mental states. Directions for further examination of this complex interplay between cognitive and emotional factors in the development of social anxiety are discussed. 相似文献