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111.
Kasparek DG Corwin SJ Valois RF Sargent RG Morris RL 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2008,56(4):437-444
OBJECTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS: The authors investigated the effect of physical activity (PA), fruit and vegetable intake, and alcohol use on 6-month weight change in 193 college freshmen (78.8% white, 88.2% women, 94.5% on a meal plan). METHODS: The authors administered a Web-based survey in fall 2002 (baseline) and spring 2003 (follow-up). RESULTS: There was an overall average weight gain of 2.5 lbs (p < .05), although only 57% reported weight gain (M = 7.1 lbs). Fruit and vegetable intake decreased (p = .034), alcohol use increased (p > .05), and PA was unchanged. Weight gain for students with body mass indexes (BMI) > or =25 kg/m2 was nearly twice that of students with BMIs < 25 (p < .05). Students with low-frequency baseline PA were twice as likely to be overweight. Follow-up data showed that students reporting > or = 4 sessions per week (ie, high frequency) of low-intensity PA were twice as likely to have healthy BMIs as students engaging in low- and moderate-frequency PA. CONCLUSIONS: PA interventions should target freshmen with BMIs > or = 25. 相似文献
112.
Roger White 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(4):347-364
Worker-level data from the 1984–2000 Displaced Worker Surveys are employed to examine the effects of trade on manufacturing
workers’ probabilities of job displacement. Observed changes in import and export penetration rates yield increases in displacement
probabilities for the North Central, Middle Atlantic and South Central regions yet lower displacement probabilities for the
Plains/West and Pacific regions. Changes in import and export price indexes lead to increases in displacement probabilities
for the Pacific, Southeast and Northeast regions and decreases for the South Central and Middle Atlantic regions. However,
while the influences of imports and exports on job displacement vary considerably across states and regions, the estimated
net effect of trade on displacement probabilities is minor, generally speaking, when compared to the combined influence of
other factors.
相似文献
Roger WhiteEmail: |
113.
Although a central construct for sociologists, the concept of institution continues to elude clear and full specification.
One reason for this lack of clarity is that about 50 years ago empirical researchers in the field of sociology turned their
gaze downward, away from macro-sociological constructs in order to focus their attention on middle-range empirical projects.
It took almost 20 years for the concept of the institution to work its back onto the empirical research agenda of mainstream
sociologists. The new institutional project in organizational sociology led the way. Since then, scholars in this tradition
have achieved a great deal but there is still much more to accomplish. Here, future directions for research are considered
by reviewing how the concept of the institution has come to be treated by mainstream philosophers, sociologists of science
and technology studies, and social network theorists.
John W. Mohr is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at Yale University. He has a longstanding interest in using formal network methods to analyze cultural meaning systems. Along with Roger Friedland, he is the organizer of the Cultural Turn Conference series at UCSB and the co-editor of Matters of Culture (Cambridge University Press 2004). He has published a number of articles on the formal analysis of meaning structures. His current research projects include a study of faculty change agents in higher education and the rise of nano-technology as a scientific project. This material is based [in part] upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0531184. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Roger Friedland is Professor of Religious Studies and Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He co-authored with Harold Zelmann The Fellowship: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship (2006), with John Mohr Matters of Culture (2004), and authored “Money, Sex and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism” (2002). He is currently working on politicized religion as a case of institutional politics and on the relations among religion, sexuality, and love. His latest essay is “Institution, Practice and Ontology: Towards a Religious Sociology” to appear in Ideology and Organizational Institutionalism, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. 相似文献
John W. Mohr (Corresponding author)Email: |
Roger Friedland (Corresponding author)Email: |
John W. Mohr is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at Yale University. He has a longstanding interest in using formal network methods to analyze cultural meaning systems. Along with Roger Friedland, he is the organizer of the Cultural Turn Conference series at UCSB and the co-editor of Matters of Culture (Cambridge University Press 2004). He has published a number of articles on the formal analysis of meaning structures. His current research projects include a study of faculty change agents in higher education and the rise of nano-technology as a scientific project. This material is based [in part] upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0531184. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Roger Friedland is Professor of Religious Studies and Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He co-authored with Harold Zelmann The Fellowship: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship (2006), with John Mohr Matters of Culture (2004), and authored “Money, Sex and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism” (2002). He is currently working on politicized religion as a case of institutional politics and on the relations among religion, sexuality, and love. His latest essay is “Institution, Practice and Ontology: Towards a Religious Sociology” to appear in Ideology and Organizational Institutionalism, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. 相似文献
114.
Roger Bennett 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(3):268-295
Voluntary organisations have become major providers of numerous social welfare services that previously were supplied by the
state. In Britain, between 35 and 40% of the average human services charity’s annual income now derives from government (predominantly
local government) sources, meaning that the acquisition of fresh contracts to undertake government funded work, in conjunction
with the maintenance of good relations with government funders vis-à-vis current assignments, is increasingly important for
ensuring a human service charity’s financial survival. An organization that wishes to obtain new contracts and to keep government
bodies satisfied with its present activities will need to market itself effectively. This empirical study examined two aspects
of charity marketing relevant to this requirement: the extent to which voluntary organizations applied the principles of strategic
account management (otherwise known as key account management) to their relations with government funders, and the organizational
characteristics (passion and commitment, low wage costs, etc.) that they emphasized to government bodies when making bids.
A number of organizational variables (e.g., mission rigidity, strategic intent, short term operational focus) were employed
in regression analyses as possible determinants of: (i) the degree to which a charity used strategic account management; and
(ii) the genres of the organizational characteristics that it accentuated when tendering for government funded work.
相似文献
Roger BennettEmail: |
115.
Charles W. Warren Charles F. Westoff Joan M. Herold Roger W. Rochat Jack C. Smith 《Demography》1986,23(3):351-365
For twenty years Puerto Rico has had the world’s highest prevalence of sterilization. From the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment we examine whether the probability of obtaining sterilization is changing and what impact sterilization has on fertility, finding that the use of contraceptive sterilization has not declined and will probably continue to increase in Puerto Rico. Nonuse rather than temporary methods of contraception is the second most likely circumstance after sterilization. We also find that sterilization has reduced the total marital fertility rate by over 33 percent, thus having a significant effect on reducing the rate of natural increase; by all indications, it will have a greater effect in the future. 相似文献
116.
Roger A. Wojtkiewicz 《Demography》1993,30(4):701-717
As more and more children experience nonintact families because of nonmarital birth or parental marital disruption, researchers have paid more attention to whether nonintact family experiences have negative effects on later life. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to consider how experiences of parental structure affect chances of high school graduation. The study shows that the negative effects of parental structure are simpler than theoretical notions might suggest. 相似文献
117.
Roger B. Trent 《Population and environment》1980,3(3-4):309-327
George Gallup polled "ideal family size" in 1936 and introduced a concept which subsequently appeared in many polls and fertility surveys. Previous research shows that ideal is a poor measure of respondent's personal fertility plans or behavior and that among researchers there is little agreement about what ideal family size does measure, if anything. Construct validity analysis based on historical, trend, and cross-sectional data suggests that the late 1960s saw ideal politicized as preoccupation with the "population problem" grew. Ideal family size is now appropriately regarded as a measure of a societal pronatalist norm and not merely a projected fertility preference.A version of this paper was presented at the meetings of the Society for Applied Anthropology, Merida, Mexico, 5 April 1978. Data on ideal family size from Blake (1974) are used with permission of the editors ofDemography. Other data come from the 1965 and 1970 National Fertility Studies co-directed by N.B. Ryder and C.F. Westoff (under contract No. PH-43-65-1048 with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development). 相似文献
118.
It has long been known that for many joint distributions exhibiting weak dependence, the sample value of Spearman's rho is about 50% larger than the sample value of Kendall's tau. We explain this behavior by showing that for the population analogs of these statistics, the ratio of rho to tau approaches 3/2 as the joint distribution approaches that of two independent random variables. We also find sufficient conditions for determining the direction of the inequality between three times tau and twice rho when the underlying joint distribution is absolutely continuous. 相似文献
119.
Scott E. Rutledge Roger A. Roffman Christine Mahoney Joseph F. Picciano James P. Berghuis Seth C. Kalichman 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2001,29(3):291-306
Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) interventions are being increasingly added to the menu of behavioral interventions for HIV prevention. They present few logistical and psychological barriers for at-risk persons who are ambivalent about transmission risk reduction and appear to offer promise of being transferable to community based organizations and public health programs. We describe the principles of motivational interviewing, a counseling style often used in conjunction with MET, and demonstrate and discuss its application with case examples drawn from a recent pilot trial of a telephone-delivered brief motivational enhancement for HIV risk reduction with men who have sex with men (MSM). 相似文献
120.
Mbilinyi LF Neighbors C Walker DD Roffman RA Zegree J Edleson J O'Rourke A 《Research on social work practice》2011,21(1):43-56
OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily evaluate telephone-delivered motivational enhancement therapy (MET) in motivating unadjudicated and nontreatment seeking intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators, who also use substances, to self-refer into treatment. METHOD: 124 adult men were recruited via a multimedia marketing campaign and were randomly assigned to the intervention (MET) or comparison group following a baseline assessment. Participants in the MET condition received a personalized feedback report on their IPV and substance-use behaviors, consequences, and social norms beliefs. RESULTS: Results supported the likely effectiveness of MET in short-term reduction of IPV behavior, increasing motivation for treatment seeking, and changing perceived norms for IPV and substance abuse (SA). CONCLUSIONS: Applications for brief MET interventions to facilitate voluntary treatment entry among substance-using IPV perpetrators are discussed. 相似文献