Household Saving Behavior and the Influence of Family-Owned Business

This study focused on the lifecycle income objective of business-owning (farm and nonfarm) households. We hypothesized that the complex relationship between household and business management decisions had the potential to challenge predictions from standard household savings theory. Specifically, we tested for differences in saving behavior of these entrepreneurial households relative to the average US household. A limited dependent variable model was performed, keying in on the saving behavior and ability of household respondents in the Survey of Consumer Finances for 2007. The estimation results indicated that, along with standard demographic influences of savings models, households owning a farm or nonfarm business had a significantly higher likelihood of maintaining private saving in a given year. Our results highlight the necessity for future research on household saving behavior to account for the differing objectives and choice sets faced by households that own businesses when conducting analyses of household saving.     

关于大学英语口语教学的一些认知思考

信息产业对大学英语教育显然有所冲击，而信息交流是大学英语教育的核心。从应用语言学理论我们可得出如下结论“口语习得的决定因素是语感”，针对学生在习得过程中存在的习得视窗误区，英语口语教学宜采用独有的语感训练方法，列出量化参考值。     

NEIGHBOURHOOD MANAGEMENT FOR INTEGRATIVE DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT

In Germany there is broad consensus that efficient implementation of programme objectives requires cooperative political and administrative structures as the basis for realizing measures, activities and mobilization and revitalization processes deemed necessary by the neighbourhood. Therefore neighbourhood management is regarded as a critical tool for handling the tasks and reaching the targets associated with integrative district development. However, this tool is interpreted and utilized in a different manner. This is reflected not only in the labels (district, area or neighbourhood management), but more emphatically in the various organizational forms employed, ranging from individual officials equipped with specific authority to complex structures involving different levels of municipal control and operation. This article presents the neighbourhood management concept developed and implemented in the framework of the ‘Socially Integrative City’.     

Understanding the Relationship Between Egalitarianism and Affective Bias: Avenues to Reducing Prejudice Among Adolescents

In an era during which affirmative action in education is in jeopardy, it is important to understand how the ideologies of high-status ethnic group members maintain (or reduce) social inequality. We examine the extent to which the relationship between egalitarianism and prejudice among European American and Asian American adolescents can be explained by outgroup orientation (i.e., how much one values interacting with members of other ethnic groups) and strength of identification with one's ethnic group. Using structural equation modeling, we tested whether these two variables mediate the relationship between egalitarianism and intergroup prejudice. Results revealed that outgroup orientation was a mediator, but ethnic identity was not. Implications for mutual acculturation theory, prejudice-reduction programs, and affirmative action in education are discussed.     

‘Heroes and Matriarchs’: Working‐Class Femininities,Violence and Door Supervision Work

Door supervision work is traditionally seen as a working‐class, male‐dominated trade. In addition, it is deemed to be one that is physically risky, where violence is seen as a ‘tool of the trade’ and where ‘bodily capital’ and ‘fighting ability’ are paramount to the competent performance of the job. This paper is a timely analysis on the manner in which the increasing numbers of women who work in door supervision negotiate their occupational identity and construct their work practices. The analysis focused on the way in which discursive constructions of both violence and workplace identities are variably taken up, reworked and resisted through the intersection of gender and class. This resulted in the identification of two main discourses; ‘playing the hero’ and the ‘hard matriarch’. These findings allow us to theorize that multiple, gendered and classed occupational identities exist beyond normative expectations and can be seen to be both emancipatory for working women, while simultaneously bolstering exploitation, workplace harassment and violent practices.