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81.
Evolution of the Debate on Control Enhancing Mechanisms: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
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This paper aims to assess the state of the art, the structure and the evolution of the debate on control enhancing mechanisms (hereafter CEMs). It combines bibliometric and qualitative methodologies to analyze 210 articles published in scientific journals up to 2014. The findings show that the academics’ interest has increased over time, and the research has simultaneously developed along two main poles: antecedents and consequences of the proportionality principle. The analyses also reveal that the debate stems from the US studies on the legal principles of disproportionate ownership devices at the end of 19th century, and has been strongly fueled by the ‘law and finance’ theorists. This paper has both theoretical and practical implications. First, it provides insights into underexplored issues where future research efforts could be focused. Second, it supports new policy‐making interventions to CEMs and encourages investor regulation and corporate transparency. 相似文献
82.
Elisa Gallo Silvia Bressan Simonetta Baraldo Daniele Bottigliengo Sara Geremia Aslihan Senturk Acar Luca Zagolin Giovanna Marson Liviana Da Dalt Dario Gregori 《Risk analysis》2023,43(6):1137-1144
Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of several respiratory diseases in children, especially respiratory tract infections. The present study aims to evaluate the association between pediatric emergency department (PED) presentations for bronchiolitis and air pollution. PED presentations due to bronchiolitis in children aged less than 1 year were retrospectively collected from 2007 to 2018 in Padova, Italy, together with daily environmental data. A conditional logistic regression based on a time-stratified case-crossover design was performed to evaluate the association between PED presentations and exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and PM10. Models were adjusted for temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and public holidays. Delayed effects in time were evaluated using distributed lag non-linear models. Odds ratio for lagged exposure from 0 to 14 days were obtained. Overall, 2251 children presented to the PED for bronchiolitis. Infants’ exposure to higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the 5 days before the presentation to the PED increased the risk of accessing the PED by more than 10%, whereas high concentrations of NO2 between 2 and 12 days before the PED presentation were associated with an increased risk of up to 30%. The association between pollutants and infants who required hospitalization was even greater. A cumulative effect of NO2 among the 2 weeks preceding the presentation was also observed. In summary, PM and NO2 concentrations are associated with PED presentations and hospitalizations for bronchiolitis. Exposure of infants to air pollution could damage the respiratory tract mucosa, facilitating viral infections and exacerbating symptoms. 相似文献
83.
Over the last 5 years, environmental justice (EJ) researchers have been calling for incorporation of health outcomes more
directly into spatial studies of socio-demographics and environmental hazards. To date, researchers have not incorporated
insurance status (an access to health care variable) in their models although access to care likely has an important association
with the probability of health effects due to environmental exposures. As such, insurance status represents an important variable
within spatial EJ studies focused on health, and the lack of spatially explicit access to care data is a critical limitation
in the field. As a solution, we offer a method of using uninsured appendicitis cases, acquired secondarily from state hospital
admissions data, to estimate rates of uninsurance at the zip-code level. We apply the technique to explore relationships between
cancer risk from hazardous air pollutants and estimated rates of uninsurance, a previously unexplored phenomenon. Then, we
compare the uninsurance findings to those related to poverty to illustrate how uninsurance, as a variable, compares to a more
traditional socio-economic predictor used in EJ studies. The relationship between cancer risk from hazardous air pollutants
and uninsurance is weaker than the relationship between risk and poverty, but both are statistically significant. As such,
we conclude with a discussion of the importance of considering insurance status in spatial studies of EJ focused on health. 相似文献
84.
Hildingsson I Cederlöf L Widén S 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2011,24(3):129-136
The aim was to identify the proportion of fathers having a positive experience of a normal birth and to explore factors related to midwifery care that were associated with a positive experience.
Background
Research has mainly focused on the father's supportive role during childbirth rather than his personal experiences of birth.Methods
595 new fathers living in a northern part of Sweden, whose partner had a normal birth, were included in the study. Data was collected by questionnaires. Odds Ratios with 95% confidence interval and logistic regression analysis were used.Results
The majority of fathers (82%) reported a positive birth experience. The strongest factors associated with a positive birth experience were midwife support (OR 4.0; 95 CI 2.0–8.1), the midwife's ongoing presence in the delivery room (OR 2.0; 1.1–3.9), and information about the progress of labour (OR 3.1; 1.6–5.8).Conclusion
Most fathers had a positive birth experience. Midwifery support, the midwife's presence and sufficient information about the progress of labour are important aspects in a father's positive birth experience. The role of the midwife during birth is important to the father, and his individual needs should be considered in order to enhance a positive birth experience. 相似文献85.
Longitudinal studies suffer from patient dropout. The dropout process may be informative if there exists an association between dropout patterns and the rate of change in the response over time. Multiple patterns are plausible in that different causes of dropout might contribute to different patterns. These multiple patterns can be dichotomized into two groups: quantitative and qualitative interaction. Quantitative interaction indicates that each of the multiple sources is biasing the estimate of the rate of change in the same direction, although with differing magnitudes. Alternatively, qualitative interaction results in the multiple sources biasing the estimate of the rate of change in opposing directions. Qualitative interaction is of special concern, since it is less likely to be detected by conventional methods and can lead to highly misleading slope estimates. We explore a test for qualitative interaction based on simultaneous confidence intervals. The test accommodates the realistic situation where reasons for dropout are not fully understood, or even entirely unknown. It allows for an additional level of clustering among participating subjects. We apply these methods to a study exploring tumor growth rates in mice as well as a longitudinal study exploring rates of change in cognitive functioning for Alzheimer's patients. 相似文献
86.
We present a new method for decomposing a social network into an optimal number of hierarchical subgroups. With a perfect hierarchical subgroup defined as one in which every member is automorphically equivalent to each other, the method uses the REGGE algorithm to measure the similarities among nodes and applies the k-means method to group the nodes that have congruent profiles of dissimilarities with other nodes into various numbers of hierarchical subgroups. The best number of subgroups is determined by minimizing the intra-cluster variance of dissimilarity subject to the constraint that the improvement in going to more subgroups is better than a network whose n nodes are maximally dispersed in the n-dimensional space would achieve. We also describe a decomposability metric that assesses the deviation of a real network from the ideal one that contains only perfect hierarchical subgroups. Four well known network data sets are used to demonstrate the method and metric. These demonstrations indicate the utility of our approach and suggest how it can be used in a complementary way to Generalized Blockmodeling for hierarchical decomposition. 相似文献
87.
Sarah E. Nelson John H. Kleschinsky Richard A. LaBrie Sara Kaplan Howard J. Shaffer 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):129-144
For more than a decade, casinos around the world have offered self-exclusion programs (SEPs) to gamblers seeking help with
their gambling behavior. Despite the proliferation of SEPs, little is known about the long-term outcomes for gamblers who
utilize these programs. The current study assessed the experiences of a sample (N = 113) of Missouri self-excluders (SEs) for as long as 10 years after their initial enrollment in the Missouri Voluntary
Exclusion Program (MVEP). Most SEs had positive experiences with MVEP and reduced their gambling and gambling problems after
enrollment. However, 50% of SEs who attempted to trespass at Missouri casinos after enrollment were able to, indicating that
the benefit of MVEP was attributable more to the act of enrollment than enforcement. SEs who engaged in complementary treatment
or self-help groups had more positive outcomes than those who did not, suggesting that SEPs ought to encourage and provide
information about additional support and treatment options to participants. 相似文献
88.
89.
Throughout the past 70 years, a great deal of research conducted on defining and testing problem-solving skills has led toward solution-focused practices and philosophies. As a result, some literature exists illustrating the efficacy of solution-focused practices. However, no published research exists on the factors that contribute to solution building. This study tested for components of solution building while creating a solution building inventory. Results from a factor analysis failed to find specific factors within solution building; thus solution building appears to be a unidimensional concept. Implications for using the solution building inventory are discussed. 相似文献
90.