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61.
The National Survey of Family Growth (1982) is used to examine the extent to which racial differences in premarital birth rates can be explained by differences in parents' socioeconomic status, family structure, and residential characteristics. The findings document a large diversity in premarital births within both populations. Black women from high-risk backgrounds are three times more likely to have a premarital birth than black women from low-risk backgrounds. Racial differences in premarital births arise because (1) black women are more likely to come from high-risk backgrounds and (2) black women from low-risk backgrounds are more likely to have a premarital birth than white women with similar characteristics. There are similar rates of premarital births by race among persons from high-risk backgrounds. 相似文献
62.
Michael A. Brown Sr. Mohamad G. Alkadry Sara Resnick-Luetke 《Public Organization Review》2014,14(3):285-304
Social networking is a process and practice that draws people and organizations together in an electronic medium. This article explores social interaction-based theories to suggest a social networking participation model that may help organizations understand acceptance or rejection of participation. Responses from 191 public administrators were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), focusing on relationships between participation and five constructs: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived improvement potential (PIP), intra-organizational trust, and type of use. The study found favorable model fit statistics that support positive correlations between the latent variables examined and participation in social networking activities. The results demonstrate the potential of the survey instrument to serve as an adoption and participation model to predict and promote social networking activities as they relate to perceived performance improvement. 相似文献
63.
64.
We examine changes in the nature and rate of complaints filed with the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in the past 35 years. The EEOC's role has shifted over this period from ensuring job access for racial minorities to providing diverse protections for a much broader class of incumbent workers. We first describe trends in discrimination complaints, most notably the shift from racial discrimination to other bases of discrimination, and develop a conceptual model of choice among socially structured alternatives to account for them. We then test the model with a time series analysis of changes in the complaint rate among different worker groups to evaluate the relative importance of legal, political, and socioeconomic determinants of civil rights complaints. Net of changes in the political climate, benefit compensation, inequality, and education levels, we find that legal changes and group-specific unemployment rates are the strongest and most consistent determinants of the rate of race, sex, and total discrimination complaints. Our results suggest that people will bear the costs of filing a complaint when legal options are relatively attractive and when employment options on the external labor market are unattractive. 相似文献
65.
Sara A. M. Axtell Ann W. Garwick Joän Patterson Forrest C. Bennett Robert Wm. Blum 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1995,16(4):395-411
Data about health and educational services were collected from 187 families with young children (under two years) who have
chronic illnesses and disabilities. The purpose was to assess parents' satisfaction with services their families received
and to identify families' unmet service needs as well as the reasons for these unmet needs. Although families' ratings of
the adequacy of services are relatively high, 28% of the families report unmet service needs. The unmet needs most often reported
are occupational, physical, or speech therapy; respite care/child care; and special education. Lack of funding is the most
commonly given reason for unmet needs. Children with multiple impairments are at highest risk for unmet needs. Only 22% of
unmet needs reported at the initial interview have been met by the time of the six-month follow-up. Increased coordination
and monitoring of services across service sectors are indicated.
Her research interests include the effects of disability on family identity and families' responses to minority stress. She
received her Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. She gratefully acknowledges Shelley Blazis and Nadav Casuto for statistical
consulting.
Her research interests focus on the impact of chronic illness and disability on families. She received her Ph.D. from the
University of Minnesota.
Her research interests include families and health and chronic illness and disability in children. She received her Ph.D.
in Family Social Science at the University of Minnesota.
His areas of interest include neurodevelopmental outcomes of low birth weight infants and training in developmental pediatrics.
He was graduated from the University of Minnesota Medical School.
His areas of interest include adolescents with chronic illness and disabilities, adolescent sexual decision making, and international
adolescent health care issues. He was graduated from Howard University College of Medicine was awarded his earned doctorate
in Health Policy from the University of Minnesota.
Preparation of this article was supported by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Grant #H133890012. 相似文献
66.
Sara A. Morris 《International Journal of Value-Based Management》1996,9(1):63-75
A mail survey was conducted in order to investigate whether the importance a manager attaches to corporate ethical and legal responsibilities varies according to personality characteristics, demographic variables, or the perceived moral climates in the manager's firm. Respondents were middle- and lower-level managers in 112 for-profit businesses located throughout the United States. As expected, attitudes about corporate ethical responsibility were significantly related to (1) the individual's capacity for empathy and (2) a perceived caring climate in the firm; attitudes about corporate legal responsibility were significantly related to (1) the individual's hierarchical position and (2) an organizational climate perceived to be supportive of law.Data collection for this research was subsidized by the Old Dominion University Research Foundation and the ODU College of Business and Public Administration Bureau of Research. 相似文献
67.
Sara Scott 《Child Abuse Review》1993,2(4):243-250
This paper summarizes the calls received on a national helpline promoted after the screening of a television programme on ritual abuse in the Dispatches series on Channel 4 in February 1992. The helpline was organized by the educational charity Broadcasting Support Services. The helpline dealt with 191 calls of which nearly half concerned ritual abuse. Thirty-nine per cent of all calls were from current victims or survivors of ritual abuse. 相似文献
68.
The aim of this paper is to find an empirical connection between the striking increase in the use of fixed-term contracts in Spain and the observed delay in the age at marriage and maternity. Using the eight waves of individual information from the European Household Panel for Spain, we find that for men, the decision whether to get married is strongly negatively affected by holding unstable contracts or not working, relative to when an indefinite contract is held. However, for women, results suggest that holding fixed-term contracts is not a deterrent for the decision whether to get married. With respect to the decision of whether to enter into parenthood, results indicate that for all childless women, either with no partner, holding fixed-term contracts delays entry into motherhood relative to the holding of indefinite contracts. The discouragement effect is stronger for women with no partner, though.JEL classification: D1, J1 相似文献
69.
Firms in government‐supported strategic networks tend to rely on professional network board members for support and assistance. As such, two significant issues arise: should board members be compensated and under which circumstances is compensation more – or less – effective for network performance. Based on yearly panel data from 53 government‐supported strategic networks of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises over a five‐year period, this study examines the effects of compensating network board members. Advocating for a contingency approach, we combine the agency and stewardship literatures to posit that the effects of compensation are moderated by contingency factors that stimulate either an agency or stewardship relationship between the network board and the networking firms. Our findings indicate that significant funding, network firms represented on the network board, and top‐down network formation stimulate board members to become agents rather than stewards. This therefore explains the higher effect of board member compensation under such conditions. 相似文献
70.
After reviewing key findings regarding leadership categorization theory, we develop new perspectives regarding the design of behavioral measures of leadership and the implications of shared leadership and complex adaptive leadership conceptualizations of leadership. In particular, by applying recent developments in cognitive science, we explain how an understanding of symbolic, connectionist, and embodied representations of knowledge can benefit behavioral measures of leadership. Additionally, we address some practical issues associated with the measurement of leadership and argue that ratings which tap episodic memory at the event level may be more meaningful than ratings based on semantic memory. Finally, we discuss how notions of shared leadership and of leaders as catalysts for complexity can create unique complications for leadership perceptions, coordinated behavior within a group, and the measurement of leadership. 相似文献