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41.
Heonsang Lim 《Journal of applied statistics》2011,38(2):309-325
Optimal accelerated degradation test (ADT) plans are developed assuming that the constant-stress loading method is employed and the degradation characteristic follows a Wiener process. Unlike the previous works on planning ADTs based on stochastic process models, this article determines the test stress levels and the proportion of test units allocated to each stress level such that the asymptotic variance of the maximum-likelihood estimator of the qth quantile of the lifetime distribution at the use condition is minimized. In addition, compromise plans are also developed for checking the validity of the relationship between the model parameters and the stress variable. Finally, using an example, sensitivity analysis procedures are presented for evaluating the robustness of optimal and compromise plans against the uncertainty in the pre-estimated parameter value, and the importance of optimally determining test stress levels and the proportion of units allocated to each stress level are illustrated. 相似文献
42.
When the subjects in a study possess different demographic and disease characteristics and are exposed to more than one types
of failure, a practical problem is to assess the covariate effects on each type of failure as well as on all-cause failure.
The most widely used method is to employ the Cox models on each cause-specific hazard and the all-cause hazard. It has been
pointed out that this method causes the problem of internal inconsistency. To solve such a problem, the additive hazard models
have been advocated. In this paper, we model each cause-specific hazard with the additive hazard model that includes both
constant and time-varying covariate effects. We illustrate that the covariate effect on all-cause failure can be estimated
by the sum of the effects on all competing risks. Using data from a longitudinal study on breast cancer patients, we show
that the proposed method gives simple interpretation of the final results, when the primary covariate effect is constant in
the additive manner on each cause-specific hazard. Based on the given additive models on the cause-specific hazards, we derive
the inferences for the adjusted survival and cumulative incidence functions. 相似文献
43.
Extant public administration network literature tend to conceptualize and measure relationships in networks based on the premise that the nodes and ties in networks lie on a single-level horizontal structure. The purpose of the current study is to suggest that networks are inevitably multi-level and multi-dimension structures and propose a multi-level multi-dimension network model (MLMD). More specifically, network relationships such as within-level, inter-level, and inter-sector are offered to depict the multi-layered and multi-sectoral nature of the network relationships among the government and non-government actors. For empirical analysis, the current study constructs a hypothetical network to describe MLMD. 相似文献
44.
Arjun Mani Guragain Binita Kumari Paudel Apiradee Lim Chamnein Choonpradub 《Marriage & Family Review》2017,53(4):307-319
This study aims to identify the distribution of marriages among adolescents, aged 10 to 19 years, throughout Nepal. Data were obtained from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the main determinants of adolescent marriages (AMs). Of a total 11,967 weighted samples, 9.3% of adolescents (95% CI, 8–10%) were found to have been married; a significantly higher percentage of these were female. The variability of AMs varied among the regions of Nepal, with a higher percentage occurring in the Western Mountain, Mid-Western Hill, and Central Terai areas. AMs were also more likely to have occurred among poorer households. The findings show a substantial differences of AMs in different geographic areas and demographic levels in Nepal. 相似文献
45.
Stacey A. Shaw Olivia Cornwell Sin How Lim Rumana Saifi Lik Teng Ung Adeeba Kamarulzaman 《Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work》2018,37(2):128-145
ABSTRACTWe examined the influence of religion and spirituality on HIV risk contexts through in-depth interviews with men who have sex with men (n = 10) and female commercial sex workers (n = 10) in Malaysia. Using a grounded theory approach, five themes emerged from the interviews: (a) religion encourages caring for health, (b) health is influenced by a higher power, (c) prayer is a conduit to health assistance, (d) stigma is compounded by religion but it does not limit one’s spirituality, and (e) religion is not but should be incorporated into HIV campaigns. Incorporation of spirituality in service provision and addressing stigma is warranted. 相似文献
46.
The present study examines the conceptualization of a frame, theoretical origins, analytical foci, and methods in framing research in public relations from 1990 to 2009. The most dominant type of a frame is construction of reality in communication found in 95% of 40 studies. Researchers compare public relations messages with news coverage, and also analyze public relations messages. Qualitative content analysis is more popular than quantitative content analysis or experiment. 相似文献
47.
Jae-Hak Lim Dae-Kyung Kim Dong Ho Park 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2005,47(3):329-337
This paper proposes a class of non‐parametric test procedures for testing the null hypothesis that two distributions, F and G, are equal versus the alternative hypothesis that F is ‘more NBU (new better than used) at specified age t0’ than G. Using Hoeffding's two‐sample U‐statistic theorem, it establishes the asymptotic normality of the test statistics and produces a class of asymptotically distribution‐free tests. Pitman asymptotic efficacies of the proposed tests are calculated with respect to the location and shape parameters. A numerical example is provided for illustrative purposes. 相似文献
48.
Price dispersion reflects the differences in prices for identical products. While in physical markets such dispersion is prevalent due to high search costs, many researchers argue that search costs and price dispersion will be much lower in electronic markets (e‐markets). Empirical evidence does not support this contention, and researchers have studied search costs, market factors, and service‐quality factors to explain this dispersion. Previous research has largely assumed that more information is better. By ignoring the dark side of information, we argue that only a partial understanding of price dispersion is possible. In this article, information overload and equivocality are studied as two dark attributes of information that lead sellers to different pricing decisions in e‐markets. Hypotheses relating these attributes to price dispersion are supported through analysis of 161 product markets. This work opens up new avenues in the study of e‐markets and discusses the implications of these findings for research and practice on consumer and seller decisions. 相似文献
49.
Based on data from 1979–1990 NLSY interviews, we investigate the implications of rising economic inequality for young men’s marriage timing. Our approach is to relate marriage formation to the ease or difficulty of the career-entry process and to show that large race/schooling differences in career development lead to substantial variations in marriage timing. We develop measures of current career “maturity” and of long-term labor-market position. Employing discrete-time event-history methods, we show that these variables have a substantial impact on marriage formation for both blacks and whites. Applying our regression results to models based on observed race/schooling patterns of career development, we then estimate cumulative proportions ever married in a difficult versus an easy career-entry process. We find major differences in the pace of marriage formation, depending on the difficulty of the career transition. We also find considerable differences in these marriage timing patterns across race/schooling groups corresponding to the large observed differences in the speed and difficulty of career transitions between and within these groups 相似文献
50.
Michelle Livermore Rebecca S. Powers Belinda Creel Davis Younghee Lim 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2011,32(1):73-83
To many, declining caseloads and increased labor market entry substantiate welfare reform’s success. This study examines how
Louisiana welfare to work program participants who succeeded by leaving assistance and obtaining employment are making ends meet, if their needs are met and which characteristics are
associated with having their needs met. Telephone survey data reveal low wages, informal labor market activity, government,
community, and social support use, and notable levels of unmet needs. A multivariate analysis shows workers with higher earnings
and regular nonmonetary help from family and friends are likely to have more needs met. Those likely to have fewer needs met
report lower wages, more young children, use of government support programs and informal labor market activity. 相似文献