也谈文字的性质——从语言学教科书说起

学术界关于语言与文字关系的讨论跟普通语言学理论角度的一贯提法有直接关系。无论今后在这个问题上能否达成较为一致的意见,语言学教科书都不能回避这个问题。本文认为,语言学教科书普遍使用的狭义文字定义能够反映文字的本质属性和基本功能,同时能够准确地说明语言与文字的关系,因此今后的教科书仍需采用这一定义。     

住宅消费市场:症结及进一步启动的理性思考

一20世纪90年代中期,我国以住宅投资占GDP的比例以及每千人建住宅套数远高于发达国家的速度,很快缓解了90年代初住宅市场中的供不应求,但在其后不到2年的时间内,持续的住宅供给超过了住宅的有支付能力的需求,进而形成住宅消费市场中的大量商品房的空置,且愈演愈烈.据国家统计部门公布的数字,1996年空置商品房6203万平方米,1997年达7135万平方米,1998年又猛增到8800万平方米.     

Anticipated Regret,Risk Perception,or Both: Which is Most Likely Responsible for Our Intention to Gamble?

The current study investigated whether risk aversion or regret aversion could be related to a lower intention to gamble, and whether the type of gambling was a moderator of this relationship. The study took place in Macau, often called “the Las Vegas of East Asia.” A total of 373 Macau residents completed a questionnaire survey dealing with thirteen types of gambling. The results showed that risk perception and anticipated regret had a significant negative effect on the intention to gamble. This negative effect was domain-specific, varying with the type of gambling. Our findings indicated that neither risk aversion nor regret aversion can uniquely explain an individual’s risk-taking tendency consistently. Instead, which factor plays a greater role in lowering the intention to gamble—regret aversion, risk aversion, or both—is itself dependent on the type of gambling involved. The finding that not all gambles are created equal could be useful in gambling prevention and advertising appeal by providing a basis for understanding the role that cognitive and emotional factors play in different types of gambling.     

万里长城写生日记(之七)

到达丰镇后,安顿好了住处,助手杨子即去县委宣传部拜访。下午4点助手回来告知：宣传部的同志们非常热情,介绍了一些情况。但丰镇境内的长城可见者不多,大都只剩残基,更无甚文物古迹。城关东北角有一古庙,可以一看。     

The evolution of structural resilience of global oil and gas resources trade network

This paper establishes anetwork resilience evaluation framework of the global oil and gas resourcetrade network in 2010, 2015 and 2020. The results are as follows: The links of the oil trade network present a gradually shrinking trend, and the gas tradenetwork presents a trend of close connection first and then reduced. In termsof network density, network centrality, network connectivity and network size, the structural resilience of the oil and gas resource trade network displays ashrinking trend, and the gas trade network is superior. Concerninginvulnerability and recovery, the resilience of the oil trade network issuperior to the natural gas trade network. In simulated attacks, the oil tradenetwork reveals a higher resilience towards intentional attacks, and the gastrade network shows a higher resilience towards random attacks. The Strait ofHormuz and the Strait of Malacca are critical chokepoints in the networks.     

Estimation of conditional cumulative incidence functions under generalized semiparametric regression models with missing covariates,with application to analysis of biomarker correlates in vaccine trials

This article presents generalized semiparametric regression models for conditional cumulative incidence functions with competing risks data when covariates are missing by sampling design or happenstance. A doubly robust augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) complete-case approach to estimation and inference is investigated. This approach modifies IPW complete-case estimating equations by exploiting the key features in the relationship between the missing covariates and the phase-one data to improve efficiency. An iterative numerical procedure is derived to solve the nonlinear estimating equations. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. A simulation study examining the finite-sample performances of the proposed estimators shows that the AIPW estimators are more efficient than the IPW estimators. The developed method is applied to the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial to investigate vaccine-induced IgG binding antibodies to HIV-1 as correlates of acquisition of HIV-1 infection while taking account of whether the HIV-1 sequences are near or far from the HIV-1 sequences represented in the vaccine construct.     

易地扶贫搬迁儿童的社会融入问题及其教育支持

易地扶贫搬迁儿童的社会融入及教育问题,将会影响其身心健康发展及社会的和谐稳定.调查发现,影响易地扶贫搬迁儿童社会融入的因素主要表现在教育融入上的层次错位、生活融入上的方式改变、交往融入上的对象差异、文化融入上的多元共生四个方面.从时空社会学视角观测,时间和空间的改变皆会对儿童的心理和行为产生影响.因此,要加强家校社合育机制建设,促进服务成效的提升;增强搬迁儿童的社区适应教育,共同促进社会融入;重视搬迁儿童的学校教育,加快适应新生活;关注搬迁儿童的家庭教育,给予儿童更多的关爱引导.     

基于变系数模型的高维数据异同性识别方法研究

随着信息技术的发展,高维数据日益丰富。现实中,很多高维数据由多个主体各异的数据集融合而成。如何准确识别出高维数据集间的异同性成为大数据分析的目标之一。本文提出了变系数模型下的高维数据整合分析方法。该方法可以同时对多个数据集进行变量选择和系数估计,并且能 够自动识别出变量系数在数据集间的异同性。模拟结果表明本文方法在异同性识别、变量选择、系数估 计和预测等方面明显优于对比方法。在肺癌致病基因识别的应用研究中,本文方法能够识别出具有生物解释的致病基因并发现了两种亚型之间的异同性。     

Status of an alien turtle in city park waters and its potential threats to local biodiversity: the red-eared slider in Beijing

Urban Ecosystems - Invasive alien species pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and the ecosystem structure through predation or competition, and this threat is especially severe in China....     

Semiparametric regression analysis of doubly censored failure time data from cohort studies

Lifetime Data Analysis - Doubly censored failure time data occur when the failure time of interest represents the elapsed time between two events, an initial event and a subsequent event, and the...