智力商数是遗传的吗?——评J.罗勒《智力、遗传和种族主义》

现代遗传学的发展,对遗传机制研究的成就和遗传控制的新方法的广阔前景,给科研工作者提出了一系列严肃的理论课题。很多问题亟待解决,需要进行更深入的科学探索。对于遗传学这个科学领域来说,伦理问题特别敏感,这势必引起科学家日益重视他们对发明的成果所负的道德责任,以免把遗传学的研究成果应用于不人道的目的。     

机器人命令:工作少,生活好

过去十年中,法国有100万工人的职位(占总职位的1/10)没有了。自动化还只是刚开始,5—10年之后情况会如何呢?过去发生的变革中,没有一样象制造机器人的革命性技术发展这样深刻地触及我们建立了150年的社会秩序。它动摇了我们对劳动、时间、金钱的价值观念。所有的经济学教科书说,发展技术是要化钱的,技术的作用在于用机器的劳动代替人的劳动,     

是研究家庭问题的时候了

美国的社会危机在社会变化、经济不稳和道德混乱的狂飚袭击下,美国的家庭开始反击了.八十年代初,千百万美国人在认真探索支撑家庭生活和对付影响家庭习惯的巨大变化的办法.人们大声疾呼:"家庭破裂了!""家庭瓦解了!""家庭出现了危机!"美国儿童、青年、家庭行政管理专员J. 卡尔霍恩说他从未见过人们象现在这样关心家庭问题.根据最近的民意测验,广大的美国人认为家庭问题是他们生活中"最重要的"问题之一.91%的人想往过去的"传统家庭体制".     

经济民主:八十年代的策略

美国经济一直没有从1973至1975年的衰退中完全恢复过来,却又向着另一次更为深重的危机发展着.目前虽然没有三十年代大危机那样严重,但由于这次危机时间长、范围广、程度严重而且是全球性的,使人不能不意识到它已经具有上次大危机的意味.难怪千百万美国人日益盼望扭转这一江河     

Perceived discrimination,traditional practices,and depressive symptoms among American Indians in the upper midwest

American Indian adults are thought to experience significant depressive symptoms at rates several times higher than adults in the general population, yet we know very little about factors associated with depressive symptoms among this under studied group. Many researchers have argued that depressive symptoms are associated with conflicts between American Indian traditional cultural values, practices, and beliefs and those of the majority culture. This report, based on a sample 287 American Indian adults from the upper Midwest, takes into account two measures of cultural effects: perceived discrimination, as one indicator of culture conflict, and traditional practices, as a measure of cultural identification. The results indicate that discrimination is strongly associated with depressive symptoms among American Indian adults and that engaging in traditional practices is negatively related to depressive symptoms. Moreover, interaction effects between perceived discrimination and traditional practices indicate that engaging in traditional practices buffers the negative effects of discrimination among those who regularly participate in them.     

Bridging child welfare and juvenile justice: preventing unnecessary detention of foster children

Gaps in service coordination between child welfare and other child-serving agencies are well documented. This article examines the gap between the child welfare and juvenile justice systems and discusses a program, Project Confirm, designed to reduce the problems associated with this gap. Project Confirm aims to improve cooperation between juvenile justice and child welfare agencies to prevent the unnecessary detention of arrested foster children in secure facilities. The program's design is outlined, and implementation statistics and government partner perceptions of the program in its first year of operations are provided. The article also identifies future challenges to implementation and discusses the broader implications of the program. In making this appeal for coordination and collaboration among public agencies, I'm not talking about pro forma integration efforts-I'm not talking about memoranda of understanding or top-level reorganizations that have autonomous agencies vaguely reporting to a single box labeled "human services." Rather, I'm talking about the much more challenging objective of achieving real working partnerships at the front line. (Nelson, 1998, p. 6)     

Aspects of guilt and self-reported substance use in adolescence

The use of addictive substances is undergoing moralization in American society-behaviors once viewed as personal preferences now carry moral significance. Research has shown that sociomoral emotions like guilt, thought to be reflective of one's internalized standards and societal mores, can be an important influence on behavior. The present study explored the relationship between college students' self-reports of adolescent substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) and scores on indices tapping different aspects of guilt (Standards, Situational, and Chronic Guilt). Participants were 230 undergraduate students (mean age = 19; 55 percent female; 69 percent White). Substance users had lower scores on Standards and Situational Guilt than non-users, but no difference was observed in Chronic Guilt. The present results suggest that a stronger internalization of societal standards, as reflected by higher scores on Standards and Situational Guilt, may prove a useful tool in the prevention of substance use.     

Contextual assessment of couples therapy: the Clinical Discourse Q-Sets

This article describes a method for creating highly contextual assessments of couples therapy interaction using concepts from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). According to SFL, talk in interaction serves three primary functions: to mediate social relations, to negotiate representations of reality, and to organize and structure the event as coherent. These concepts are operationalized using observational q-methodology. The Clinical Discourse Q-Sets (CDQS) include three separate q-sets for use by trained observers in rating 12-min segments of couples therapy conversation. Each q-set captures one aspect of the communication process as defined by Systemic Functional theory. Good-to-high reliabilities for the q-set profiles over various (n = 16) couples therapy episodes were found. Preliminary evidence for the conceptual structure and clinical validity of the system was found.     

Threats on campus. Need for faculty response

Be calm and decisive in all your actions. Threats are meant to intimidate and instill fear. Do not assume someone else will handle the situation. Report the threat immediately to your supervisors. Make a crime report to campus public safety officers and law enforcement officials in the appropriate jurisdiction. Follow up to determine the status of the investigation. Refer the student to campus and/or community mental health services. Document the student's behavior and threats. Don't spend time alone with students who exhibit warning signs that could result in violence. Arrange your office so you have easy access to an exit. Be sure that the desk and chair are not between you and the door. Save all written and electronic threats and provide them to law enforcement officials. There is a mechanism for determining the origin of e-mail threats. Obtain a restraining order if necessary.     

Physical exercise and improvements in mental health

1. Walking groups provide activity and support for their members. 2. Exercise competes with anxiety and depression and may diminish these negative affects. 3. Most YMCAs provide financial aid by reducing fees for people with disabilities.