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11.
Previous research with the Aspiration Index suggests that the importance of intrinsic life goals (e.g. personal growth and
relationships) is in positive association with indicators of well-being, whereas an orientation toward extrinsic life goals
(e.g. wealth and appearance) is connected with decreased positive functioning. Our study extended the scope of previous research
by analyzing the role of financial status (income and subjective financial status). Examining a nationally representative
cross-sectional sample of 4,841 Hungarian adults, we found that after controlling for several sociodemographic variables intrinsic
goal importance was in a positive relationship with subjective well-being (SWB) and meaning in life (ML), whereas the contribution
of extrinsic life goals was weak to SWB and negative to ML. Moreover, no moderation effects were found for indices of financial
status, indicating that the relationship between life goals and well-being is the same for poorer and for richer respondents.
Results show that the basic assumptions of the Aspiration Index research are also valid when testing on a societal level. 相似文献
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The most prominent theory to explain the curvilinear relationship between income and subjective well-being (SWB) is need theory, which proposes that increased income and wealth can lead to increased well-being in poverty because money is used to satisfy basic physiological needs. The present study tests the tenets of need theory by proposing that money can buy happiness beyond poverty if the money satisfies higher-order needs. Findings indicate that in older adults (n = 1,284), as economic standing rises, so do individual perceptions of financial security (a safety need), which in turn increases overall life satisfaction. Further, a path model tested the degree to which financial security and psychological need satisfaction mediated the path from economic standing to life satisfaction and demonstrated the complete mediation through higher-order needs—there was a 66% reduction in the direct link through financial security and a 34% reduction through psychological need satisfaction. Discussion focuses on how these mediation and path models extend need theory. 相似文献
14.
Benita Y. Tam William A. Gough Vicky Edwards Leonard J. S. Tsuji 《Population and environment》2013,35(1):45-67
The influence of seasonal change and weather on mood, social activity, weight, food consumption, and sleep length was compared across urban Aboriginals (n = 43), urban non-Aboriginals (n = 49), and remote Aboriginals (n = 39) in Ontario, Canada. Such research is important since climate change may differentially shape the well-being of social groups. Behavioral items—including mood, social activity, weight, sleep, and food consumption—were measured using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and associations between these items and meteorological data were examined with bivariate and multivariate approaches. Weather variables had consistent, significant associations with behavior except within the remote Aboriginal group despite living in a more extreme climate. Lifestyle and adaptation may contribute to an increased weather tolerance among remote Aboriginal people, intriguing findings as cultures grapple with the implications of future climate change. 相似文献
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The purpose of this project was to develop and pilot a web-based job placement information network aiming at enhancing the work trial and job placement opportunities of people with disabilities (PWD). Efficient uses of information technology in vocational rehabilitation were suggested to help improve PWD employment opportunities and thus enable them to contribute as responsible citizens to the society. In this preliminary study, a web-based employer network was so developed to explore Hong Kong employers' needs and intentions in employing PWD. The results indicated that Hong Kong employers generally agreed to arrange work trials for PWD whose work abilities match job requirements. They also expressed that they would offer permanent job placements to those PWD who showed satisfactory performance in work trials. The present study evidenced that using an information network could expedite communications between employers and job placement services, and thus job placement service outcomes. It is hoped that a job placement databank could thus be developed through accumulating responses from potential employers. 相似文献
17.
Gu X Tam PS 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):587-605
Macao’s gaming industry has experienced dramatic growth for 8 years, yet with certain social costs due to compulsive gambling.
The government has come under pressure for tax cuts even though its gaming receipts are falling relatively to the casino retained
revenue. The request for tax relief is triggered by a recent decline in net profit despite fast growing gross gaming revenue
under favorable market conditions. This is very likely caused by a substantial hike in casino operating costs due to increased
competition and might also signal the presence of the principal-agent problem. Given the regressivity of gaming tax with respect
to net profit, it is no surprise that casinos with lower profitability are more prone to seek tax cuts. The source of Macao
gaming profit hinges on three distinct factors: rising demand from China, monopoly location for casinos, and market structure
of oligopoly. These factors provide economic justifications for the current tax regime of Macao with a strong ability to pass
tax burdens on to massive visitors. The government relies on casino tax revenue to deal with gambling related problems and
promote local diversified development. Pushing for tax variability may create policy instability, business uncertainty, and
unpredictable prosperity in the long term. 相似文献
18.
The conservation value of urban parks for butterfly communities remains poorly understood, particularly for tropical butterflies in Asia. We conducted point count and route transect butterfly surveys, and used them to sample four habitats located within 13 urban parks across Hong Kong. We found 1054 individuals and 58 species of butterflies recorded in 60 survey hours over 6 months. This represents approximately one quarter of the entire known Hong Kong butterfly species list. Over 30 % of the individuals counted were Catospilia sp. but six of the species identified are classified locally as rare or very rare. Tree-covered habitats and grasslands showed higher butterfly diversity than open areas. The most common butterfly behavior was “directed flight,” which we also found to be habitat-dependent and most common in ponds and open areas. We additionally observed the use of vegetation in urban parks, which included 40 species of nectar plant and four records of butterfly oviposition. The high butterfly diversity, presence of rare species and usage of vegetation (especially as a nectar resource) we documented in this study suggests that urban parks have some conservation value for Hong Kong. However, the use of pesticides and heavy vegetation clearing may limit significant butterfly reproduction and population growth. Altogether these results emphasize the diversity of uses of urban parks for butterflies in Hong Kong while also providing possible directions for improvement in habitat and vegetation management that could increase urban park value for biodiversity. 相似文献
19.
This study examines the use of alternative child-care arrangements as an everyday life decision in a family context. Interviews with twenty-four mothers from a working class neighborhood in a new town in Hong Kong were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results of the analysis outlined: (a) the structural components of making a decision regarding alternative care, which consisted of demands, resource options, definitions of the situation, types of decision situations, and the respective decision-making strategies; and (b) the nature of decision-making processes, varying from ad hoc to standing. Together, these aspects illuminate how mothers make decisions regarding the use of alternative child-care arrangements and, in turn, the characteristics of family decision-making in everyday life. 相似文献
20.