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21.
Gu X Tam PS 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):587-605
Macao’s gaming industry has experienced dramatic growth for 8 years, yet with certain social costs due to compulsive gambling.
The government has come under pressure for tax cuts even though its gaming receipts are falling relatively to the casino retained
revenue. The request for tax relief is triggered by a recent decline in net profit despite fast growing gross gaming revenue
under favorable market conditions. This is very likely caused by a substantial hike in casino operating costs due to increased
competition and might also signal the presence of the principal-agent problem. Given the regressivity of gaming tax with respect
to net profit, it is no surprise that casinos with lower profitability are more prone to seek tax cuts. The source of Macao
gaming profit hinges on three distinct factors: rising demand from China, monopoly location for casinos, and market structure
of oligopoly. These factors provide economic justifications for the current tax regime of Macao with a strong ability to pass
tax burdens on to massive visitors. The government relies on casino tax revenue to deal with gambling related problems and
promote local diversified development. Pushing for tax variability may create policy instability, business uncertainty, and
unpredictable prosperity in the long term. 相似文献
22.
23.
Kathryn D. Rettig Vicky Chiu-wan Tam Lois Yellowthunder 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1995,16(1):109-143
The principles of critical science for policy research are outlined and one research project is used as a case study. The
study was intentionally designed to facilitate changes that would positively influence the economic well-being of children
from divorced families. The project uses the critical science processes of public dialogue about child support guidelines
for purposes of collaborative problem solving. The normative theories of procedural and distributive justice are used to guide
the research reporting. The project contributes to changes in the practices of estimating the income needs of children, changes
in estimating the relative monetary contributions of their parents, and proposed legislation and modifications in the state
child support guidelines.
She received her Ph.D. in family ecology from Michigan State University. Her research interests include the valuing issues
of family life quality, family decision making, divorce,and the economic adjustments of families to economic stressors.
She received her M.A. degree in Family Education from the University of Minnesota. Her research interests include decision
making and parenting.
She received her Ph.D. degree in anthropology from the University of Minnesota. Her research interests include social and
cultural change and the integration of research findings into public policy decision making. 相似文献
24.
William L. Tam 《Symbolic Interaction》1984,7(2):175-189
Symbolic Interactionist Irony (SII) has as its aspiration, possibility, and achievement the creation of alternative worlds of seeing and doing. The constituent features of irony as detached from and skeptical of all available perspectives elevate its status to that as transcendental of extant reality. The internal logic-of-discovery and reflexive mood of SII conclude that all knowledge have an inseparable personal and autonomous basis. Hence, there are alternative ways but no final way of knowing. Knowledge without final truth value is–and can only be–an alternative world of seeing and doing. Nonetheless, an ironic alternative world is seen as an emergent that has its own integrity from the interaction of facts against analytic perspectives. The works of Erving Goffman and Joseph R. Gusfield, and their roots in the writings of Kenneth Burke, are read as having conceptual resonance for SII as an intellectual style. An ironic reading is thus offered of how SII practice is possible and how this practice refocuses the worlds of seeing and doing. 相似文献
25.
26.
Tam Lynne Kelley 《Journal of Community Practice》2013,21(3):333-346
ABSTRACTHow does the work that American women perform, both in the formal economy (paid labor) and in the caring economy (caring for children and households) negatively affect their health? The World Health Organization’s social determinants of health model is used to illuminate the causes of gendered health inequities. The social determinants of gendered health inequities that are correlated with women’s work include globalization, cultural norms, an imbalance of power between men and women, the feminization of work, the gendered pay gap, unequal responsibilities in the caring economy, the lack of recognition of the value of caring work, stress, and poverty. 相似文献
27.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) among middle-aged Korean women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Data were collected from 123 middle-aged Korean women with diabetes. Construct and concurrent validity were examined using factor analysis. Results: Factor analysis extracted three factors: spouse, family, and friends. The MSPSS had relatively good concurrent validity (r = .66, p < .0001), construct validity, and strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .90). Conclusion: We concluded that the MSPSS is a simple and well-established instrument to measure social support in middle-aged Korean women with diabetes. 相似文献
28.
This paper is intended to make a contribution to the ongoing debate about declining social mobility in Great Britain by analyzing mobility tables based on data from the 1991 British Household Panel Survey and the 2005 General Household Survey. The models proposed here generalize Hauser's levels models and allow for a semi-parametric analysis of change in social mobility. The cell frequencies are assumed to be equal to the product of three effects: the effect of the father's position for the given year, the effect of the son's position for the given year, and the mobility effect related to the difference between the father's and the son's positions. A generalization of the iterative proportional fitting procedure is proposed and applied to computing the maximum likelihood estimates of the cell frequencies. The standard errors of the estimated parameters are computed under the product-multinomial sampling assumption. The results indicate opposing trends of mobility between the two timepoints. Fewer steps up or down in the society became less likely, while more steps became somewhat more likely. 相似文献
29.
This study examines the use of alternative child-care arrangements as an everyday life decision in a family context. Interviews with twenty-four mothers from a working class neighborhood in a new town in Hong Kong were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results of the analysis outlined: (a) the structural components of making a decision regarding alternative care, which consisted of demands, resource options, definitions of the situation, types of decision situations, and the respective decision-making strategies; and (b) the nature of decision-making processes, varying from ad hoc to standing. Together, these aspects illuminate how mothers make decisions regarding the use of alternative child-care arrangements and, in turn, the characteristics of family decision-making in everyday life. 相似文献
30.
The conservation value of urban parks for butterfly communities remains poorly understood, particularly for tropical butterflies in Asia. We conducted point count and route transect butterfly surveys, and used them to sample four habitats located within 13 urban parks across Hong Kong. We found 1054 individuals and 58 species of butterflies recorded in 60 survey hours over 6 months. This represents approximately one quarter of the entire known Hong Kong butterfly species list. Over 30 % of the individuals counted were Catospilia sp. but six of the species identified are classified locally as rare or very rare. Tree-covered habitats and grasslands showed higher butterfly diversity than open areas. The most common butterfly behavior was “directed flight,” which we also found to be habitat-dependent and most common in ponds and open areas. We additionally observed the use of vegetation in urban parks, which included 40 species of nectar plant and four records of butterfly oviposition. The high butterfly diversity, presence of rare species and usage of vegetation (especially as a nectar resource) we documented in this study suggests that urban parks have some conservation value for Hong Kong. However, the use of pesticides and heavy vegetation clearing may limit significant butterfly reproduction and population growth. Altogether these results emphasize the diversity of uses of urban parks for butterflies in Hong Kong while also providing possible directions for improvement in habitat and vegetation management that could increase urban park value for biodiversity. 相似文献