The differences of sarcopenia-related phenotypes: effects of gender and population

Sarcopenia is a serious condition especially in the elderly population mainly characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with aging. Extremity skeletal muscle mass index (EMMI) (sum of skeletal muscle mass in arms and legs/height²) is gaining popularity in sarcopenia definition (less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young adult reference group), but little is known about the gender- and population-specific differences of EMMI. This study aimed at investigating the differences of EMMI, arm muscle mass index (AMMI), and leg muscle mass index (LMMI) between gender groups and populations (Chinese vs. Caucasians). The participants included 1,809 Chinese and 362 Caucasians with normal weight aged from 19 to 45 years old. Extremity muscle mass, arm muscle mass, and leg muscle mass were measured by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Independent sample t tests were used to analyze the differences in muscle mass indexes between the studied groups. All the study parameters including EMMIs, AMMIs, and LMMIs were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0003) in the Caucasian group than in the Chinese group and also higher in the male group than in the female group, and these significant differences (P ≤ 0.0005) remained after adjusting for age by simple regressions. The detected differences of muscle mass indexes between different gender and ethnic groups may provide important implications in their different risk of future sarcopenia.     

粤方言的源头和基础是秦汉通语——谨以此文纪念广州建城2222周年

关于粤方言的源头和基础问题,学界主要有"两广越语基础说"和"楚方言雏型说"两种观点.本文尝试从历史学、语言学、考古学、民族学等方面综合探讨粤方言的源头和基础,认为粤方言的源头和基础是秦汉通语,也就是古关中话.     

An Estimate of a Change Point in Variance of Measurement Errors and Its Convergence Rate

In this article, an estimate of a change point in variance of measurement errors (ME) is given in terms of characteristic functions when the variances are known. Its modification is also given for the case that the variances are unknown. In addition, the consistency and convergence rates of the estimator and its modification are investigated. The simulation study shows that the proposed estimators perform well.     

结构现实主义理论的科学主义倾向分析

“科学主义”概念主要指仿照自然科学的程序来构建理论。结构现实主义在理论构建过程中表现出了强烈的科学主义倾向,尤其体现在其研究假设中。沃尔兹的科学主义倾向存在一定的局限性,但总体而言,其理论还是较好地满足了科学主义的要求,这种构建理论的方式有着重大意义,它对整个西方国际关系理论的发展都具有深远影响。     

强化内涵建设 增强办学实力——推进琼州学院新一轮快速健康发展的构想

本文从学科建设,师资队伍建设和人才培养等多层面论述强化内涵建设,增强办学实力,推进琼州学院新一轮快速健康发展。     

英语谚语的文化内涵与翻译

本文对英语谚语的文化内涵与翻译的相关问题加以论述。     

清代改土归流后土家族地区的移民及其社会影响

清代雍正年间土家族地区基本完成改土归流,移民通过招民垦荒、自发移民、官兵及家属的落业入籍等方式大量流入土家族地区。从土家族地区姓氏的增加、改流初期人口民族构成结构的变化、雍正和乾隆两个时期人口数量的变化、移民会馆的大量出现与增加等情况判断移民数量成倍增加．这给土家族地区带来巨大的社会影响。     

The Influence of Materialistic Inclination on Values,Life Satisfaction and Aspirations: An Empirical Analysis

This article attempts to measure the effect ofmaterialistic inclination on the degree of lifesatisfaction. The study is based on a sample of about1600 respondents randomly selected from differentparts of the city state of Singapore. Theserespondents were divided into two distinct groups withhigh or low materialistic inclination. It wasobserved that when these respondents were asked torate the importance of the nine items from Kahle'sList of Values, the ratings of seven of these itemswere found to be significantly different between thetwo groups. The two groups also indicated differentchoices when asked to rate the things they wanted mostout of life. Finally, it was revealed that they alsoreported different degrees of satisfaction withvarious domains in life in general. However, as withregard to satisfaction with life in Singapore inparticular, there were no significant differencesobserved between the two groups.     

非自治时滞差分方程的渐近稳定性

研究非线性非自治时滞差分万程 △χ_(ｎ)＋α_(ｎ)χ_(ｎ)＋ｆ（ｎ,χ_(ｎ－ｋ),χ_(ｎ－ｋ_(２)),…,χｎ－ｋｍ）＝ ０的一致稳定性和一致渐近稳定性,用不同的方法推广已有的相关定理。     

公共事务合作治理模式:反思与探索

作为一种当前备受推崇的新型公共事务治理模式,合作治理并不是万能的,它也存在诸多困境与发展瓶颈.剖析合作治理的内在缺陷及所处困境,可以提出有效的应对之策,即通过提高合作治理能力、优化合作治理结构、建构合作治理机制、培育合作治理文化等措施完善合作治理模式,从而实现和增进公共利益.