哈耶克的制度理论:秩序与传统

哈耶克的制度理论是一种特殊意义上的制度理论。他的自由主义经济学观点,使他成为反对计划经济体制的代表,他重视法律在扩展秩序(theextentedorder)中的作用,认为传统是至关重要的,资本主义的秩序就是传统演化的结果。哈耶克这种重秩序、守法律的思想,实质上与新制度经济学制度变迁的进化论观念相一致。本文重点讨论哈耶克的扩展秩序和保持自由传统的制度观点,并指出它的现实意义。     

CIO自身技能、需求方领导力与数字化创新

现有研究强调数字化创新对企业的战略价值,但学术界对企业如何进行数字化创新的认识却较为有限.借鉴变革型领导理论,本文提出CIO需求方领导力正向影响企业数字化创新水平,同时,CIO结构权力可以增强CIO需求方领导力与企业数字化创新水平的正向关系.此外,从CIO自身技能方面识别出CIO需求方领导力的三个重要前因:战略IT知识、政治悟性以及网络能力.通过采集179份CIO-TMT的企业配对问卷数据进行实证分析,实证结果较好地支持了研究假设.本文提出的假设模型为企业发挥CIO在推进数字化创新中的主导作用提供了理论基础和实践启示.     

Is there an Expectations Gap in the Roles of Independent Directors? An Explorative Study of Listed Chinese Companies

This paper investigates whether an expectations gap exists in the control, strategic and resource provision roles that independent directors play in the corporate governance of listed Chinese firms and the factors that affect their performance of these roles. For this purpose, we interviewed Chinese executive directors, independent directors, institutional investors and stock exchange regulators. We find a performance gap but no reasonableness gap with respect to the control and strategic roles. The results suggest that the performance gap may be attributed to such factors as the ill‐defined roles, independent directors' limited amount of time commitment and their lack of competence and objectivity. Interestingly, there is disagreement over the protection of minority interest as the objective of the control role. We find no consensus on the desirability, reasonableness and effectiveness of independent directors' resource provision role, perhaps because of a pejorative interpretation of this role as an exercise of guanxi.     

The determinants of top management pay

Agency theory argues that companies need to structure their top management pay so as to attract, retain, motivate, and reward senior executives. It is implicit in this literature that managers should be rewarded for performance and that company size should not be a significant determinant of compensation. Empirical evidence in many countries has concluded, however, that size is a major determinant of management remuneration and the pay-for-performance link is very weak. This study examines the determinants of senior executives’ remuneration and bonus payments in Hong Kong companies using recently available data. We examine both the level of pay and changes in pay. Corporate size is found to be a major explanator of remuneration levels and of changes in the pay of the CEO and executive directors. Accounting profitability is also a significant explanator of compensation. Performance, as measured by stock returns, has little or no statistically significant relationship with pay; in fact, some of the results show negative relationships. Some share ownership characteristics have influences on the levels of remuneration. In particular, share ownership by directors and share ownership by institutional investors moderate the compensation levels. In contrast, corporate governance variables have little association with change in pay. Overall, the results imply agency arguments that advocate pay-for-performance compensation schemes are not major factors in setting top management remuneration in Hong Kong.     

物质结构课程教学改革的思考与实践

本文针对师专化学系物质结构课程的教学目的和现状,提出改革教学的思路,并从优化教材的知识结构,突出讲授内容的实用性和注重化学史和方法论的介绍以培养学生的能力入手,阐述了作者几年来从事物质结构教学改革的实践和体会．     

公私合作制(PPP)可行性:以城市轨道交通为例的分析

公私合作制(Public-Private Partnership)的概念由英国最早提出,之后在全球范围内得到了推广和应用.然而公私合作制的概念并没有统一的认识.本文阐述了对公私合作制的理解,并从公共产品理论、政府管制理论以及项目区分理论分析了私人部门进入轨道交通行业的可能性,政府部门监管公私合作制的必要性.轨道交通公私合作制的可行性.     

论高校学报编辑的综合素质

高校学报作为学术期刊,其质量的高低、社会影响范围的大小、作者队伍的数量、质量,与编辑素质有很大的关系。因此,要提高学报的质量,必须做到:一是调整编辑的知识结构;二是提高学报编辑的职业技能,这包括传统职业规范的要求,新技术、新规范的要求和努力提高外语写作与翻译能力,三是提高编辑的心理素质。     

大数据背景下CPI预测问题的文本挖掘技术设计与应用

本文创新地将半监督交互式关键词提取算法词频-逆向文件频率( Term Frequency- Inverse Document Frequency, TF-IDF )与基于 Transformer 的 双 向 编 码 表 征 ( Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers,BERT)模型相结合,设计出一种扩展CPI预测种子关键词的文本挖掘技术。采用交互式TF-IDF算法,对原始CPI预测种子关键词汇广度上进行扩展,在此基础上通过BERT“两段式”检索过滤模型深入挖掘文本信息并匹配关键词,实现CPI预测关键词深度上的扩展,从而构建了CPI预测的关键词库。在此基础上,本文进一步对文本挖掘技术特征扩展前后的关键词建立预测模型进行对比分析。研究表明,相比于传统的关键词提取算法,交互式TF-IDF算法不仅无需借助语料库,而且还允许种子词的输入。同时,BERT模型通过迁移学习的方式对基础模型进行微调,学习特定领域知识,在CPI预测问题中很好地实现了语言表征、语义拓展与人机交互。相对于传统文本挖掘技术,本文设计的文本挖掘技术具有较强的泛化表征能力,在84个CPI预测关键种子词的基础上,扩充后的关键词对CPI具有更高的预测准确度和更充分的解释性。本文针对CP 预测问题设计的文本挖掘技术,也为建立其他宏观经济指标关键词词库提供新的研究思路与参考价值。     

Markov机制转换的状态空间模型及其在我国经济周期中的应用研究

 经济周期具有机制转换的特点,而传统的状态空间模型很难解决像具有机制转换特点的此类问题。为此,本文将Markov机制转换模型运用到状态空间模型中,并对我国经济周期进行了分析研究,实证结果表明Markov机制转换的状态空间模型,较好地刻画了我国经济周期的非对称性特征,从中得出一个重要的结论：政府的宏观调控政策会对我国经济产生正向的冲击,宏观调控是有效的。     

少数民族山区发展的人口障碍

贫困山区大多是少数民族人口较多的地区 ,要解决贫困山区的人口问题 ,就有必要弄清少数民族山区的人口发展情况。笔者通过对黔南布依族苗族自治州人口发展的分析与研究 ,发现其人口的快速增长带来了一系列经济、生态、社会等问题。因此 ,要加快少数民族地区经济的发展步伐 ,就必须解决好人口问题。