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Prime minister Olof Palme's murder in 1986 and the sinking of the ferry Estonia in 1994 were stressful events for many Swedes, but did that stress affect health? We used an interrupted time-series design to measure the association between these events and the incidence of very low birthweight. Effects of male unemployment, size of the birth cohort, and temperature were controlled in our analysis of data for the period 1973-1995. The incidence of very low birthweight rose significantly in the months following the Palme murder and the Estonia catastrophe. Events that trigger communal bereavement at the scale we study may seem rare but they do occur (e.g., destruction of the World Trade Center and attack on the Pentagon). Events with less visibility, moreover, may induce communal bereavement in smaller populations defined by geography or organizational participation. 相似文献
44.
The study examines the extent to which gender, personality attributes, household, community, and environmental factors are associated with violent behaviors in young adulthood. The authors present findings from a sample of 765 21-year-old individuals participating in a drug and delinquency prevention study. Personality attributes, opportunities, and social acceptability of antisocial behaviors were identified as accounting for gender differences and having more influence on violent behavior than environmental correlates. Implications for preventive intervention are discussed. 相似文献
45.
This small-scale exploratory study sought to develop an understanding of the meaning of well-being and social belonging as represented within the narratives of adults on the autism spectrum. Employing an interpretivist approach facilitated the investigation of potential contributory factors to these lived experiences in order to inform further research regarding both this topic, and service provision for adults on the autism spectrum. The project involved a thematic analysis of issues of the magazine Asperger United (AU). Four broad main themes were identified: meeting personal needs, living with the consequences of an ‘othered’ identity, connection and recognition, and relationships and advocacy. Autistic adults reported many barriers to feeling that they belonged in a number of social spaces and the detrimental effect this had on their wellbeing. Fundamental to positive narratives of wellbeing, were feelings of connection and recognition from others and positive accepting relationships, with autistic-led spaces, particularly the Autscape conference, being frequently cited as of central significance in increasing feelings of wellbeing and belonging. This study has demonstrated a need for less focus on remediation and more on limiting the social isolation of autistic people. 相似文献
46.
Loraine F. Lavallee P. Maurine Hatch Alex C. Michalos Tara McKinley 《Social indicators research》2007,83(2):201-244
On average, Anglo-Americans report that they are satisfied with their lives, but their global evaluations tend to deviate
from their daily experiences (e.g., Oishi [2002, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28(10), 1398–1406]). We explored the hypothesis that the average life satisfaction of Anglo-Americans is better characterized
as neutral than satisfied. In Study 1 we developed the five-item Contentment with Life Assessment Scale (CLAS), which focuses
on contentment, fulfillment and self-discrepancies. Normative data based on three general population samples demonstrated
that the CLAS produces a close to normal distribution of scores, has excellent reliability, and is sensitive to differences
in life conditions (e.g., income, marital status). In two daily diary studies we tested whether global life satisfaction measures
corresponded to people’s daily subjective well-being. The CLAS was the best predictor among three self-report life satisfaction
measures of daily escapist behaviors including television watching and alcohol consumption, and daily stress-related physical
symptoms (Study 2). In Study 3, participants recorded their level of life satisfaction daily for two weeks. Average daily
life satisfaction scores clustered close to the neutral rather than satisfied point of the measurement scale. 相似文献
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While urban ecology is an expanding field of study, some natural areas within the urban environment remain under-examined.
These include naturally regenerating forest communities adjacent to urban interstates. In addition, the status of interstate
soils and their relationships with the community composition of forested interstate verges has received little ecological
study. The purpose of this study was to examine variation in soil conditions along forested interstate corridors in Louisville,
KY and to explore the extent to which soil characteristics (e.g., bulk density, pH) and heavy metals (e.g., Pb, Zn) vary with
respect to three factors: interstate (e.g., traffic density), surrounding urban environment (e.g., industrial land use), and
interstate construction legacies. Additionally, we explored the relationships between several edaphic factors and woody vegetation
structure in these forested verges. We found that the degree and direction of the slope of land towards the interstate and
the distance to the interstate pavement were strong determinants of soil characteristics and heavy metal concentrations, suggesting
that the movement of de-icing salts, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the interstate was important in determining forest
soil conditions along urban interstates. Since within our study area these highways did not extend into rural lands, variation
in urban land uses and cover within 26 km of the city center was not large enough to explain variation in soil characteristics
or heavy metals, except for a positive correlation between chromium and surrounding industrial land use. We did find that
past physical soil disturbance caused by interstate construction (e.g., imported fill) left an important legacy on soil characteristics,
heavy metal retention, and woody plant growth patterns in forests adjacent to urban interstates. The legacy of interstate
construction on the current forest community structure (e.g., lower species richness) and the future forest (e.g., reduced
tree regeneration) may further alter ecosystem productivity and ecosystem services provided by these forests and their soils. 相似文献
49.
Stonehill RM Lauver SC Donahue T Naftzger N McElvain CK Stephanidis J 《New directions for youth development》2011,2011(131):29-41
Following a decade of rapid expansion of afterschool enrichment programs, leaders in the field are rethinking how those programs can be designed to play a larger role in supporting student achievement and development and in strengthening school reform initiatives. 相似文献
50.
Community-based efforts offer broad potential for achieving population-level reductions in alcohol misuse among youth and young adults. A common feature of successful community strategies is reliance on local coalitions to select and fully implement preventive interventions that have been shown to be effective in changing factors that influence risk of youth engaging in alcohol use, including both proximal influences and structural and/or environmental factors related to alcohol use. Inclusion of a universal, school-based prevention curriculum in the larger community-based effort is associated with the reduction of alcohol use by youth younger than 18 years of age and can help reach large numbers of youth with effective alcohol misuse prevention. 相似文献