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Interpreting data and communicating effectively through graphs and tables are requisite skills for statisticians and non‐statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the quality of visual displays of data in the medical and pharmaceutical literature and at scientific conferences is severely lacking. We describe an interactive, workshop‐driven, 2‐day short course that we constructed for pharmaceutical research personnel to learn these skills. The examples in the course and the workshop datasets source from our professional experiences, the scientific literature, and the mass media. During the course, the participants are exposed to and gain hands‐on experience with the principles of visual and graphical perception, design, and construction of both graphic and tabular displays of quantitative and qualitative information. After completing the course, with a critical eye, the participants are able to construct, revise, critique, and interpret graphic and tabular displays according to an extensive set of guidelines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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Abstract

An increasingly older workforce and a growing emphasis on jobs involving interaction with computers have resulted in a need to more carefully examine the relationship between ageing and computer-based work. In this study, a sample of 394 subjects ranging in age from 20-75 years performed a computer task across a 3-day period. Three different types of computer-based jobs (data entry, information retrieval, and accounts balancing) performed at three large US companies were simulated. Age differences in the subjective experience of stress, workload, and bodily discomfort were evaluated. The results indicated that age effects for these measures varied according to task. The older subjects perceived greater workload for the more mentally challenging problem-solving oriented accounts balancing task (Which involved a graphical user interface) than the younger participants, even with increased exposure to the task. However, the older subjects generally experienced less stress than the younger subjects on an information retrieval task that involved a more socially interactive telephone component. A positive relationship between the frustration component of workload and the measure of stress was also found, suggesting an important link between the constructs of stress and workload. Overall, the outcomes of this study provide important insights into design interventions intended to accommodate older as well as younger persons in the workforce.  相似文献   
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This continuing education course for professionals involved in all areas of clinical trials integrates concepts related to the role of randomization in the scientific process. The course includes two interactive lecture and discussion sections and a workshop practicum. The first interactive lecture introduces basic clinical trial issues and statistical principles such as bias, blinding, randomization, control groups, and the importance of formulating clear and discriminating clinical and statistical hypotheses. It then focuses on the most commonly used clinical study designs and the corresponding patient randomization schemes. The second interactive lecture focuses on the implementation of randomization of patients and drug supply through allocation and component ID schedules. The workshop practicum, conducted in small groups, enables students to apply the lecture concepts to real clinical studies. Flexibility was built into the workshop practicum materials to allow the course content to be customized to specific audiences, and the interactive lecture sessions can be stretched to cover more advanced topics according to class interest and time availability.  相似文献   
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We introduce the ‘snake’, a new tool for the visualization and exploration of a multivariate dataset. The snake connects each data point along a single short path. Using techniques from the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), it is possible to find such a path in polynomial (nearly quadratic) computational time. A plot of the individual segment lengths versus their position along the path transforms the original multidimensional dataset into a one‐dimensional ‘time‐series’ of interpoint distances. The snake traces the local structure of a datacloud, so this visualization is most useful for detecting density fluctuations: regions of high density appear as many consecutive short segments, while regions of low density appear as many consecutive long segments. Dips in the time series reveal the presence of clustering and can be used to count the number of modes in the datacloud. We illustrate the technique on a variety of artificial and real‐world datasets. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 236‐252, 2010  相似文献   
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Although the main responsibility of firms may be to maximize their profits, organizations stand to gain much from the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. This article reviews the connection between CSR and financial performance and discusses existing multilateral initiatives that global managers and investors are taking to align their business decisions with social and environmental needs. Moreover, an analysis of developments in six emerging markets—Malaysia, South Africa, Egypt, Turkey, Brazil, and Morocco—highlights how ongoing regulatory reforms provide incentives for company sustainability. The adoption of proactive CSR strategies while generating and disseminating robust and quantitative extra‐financial information to shareholders and regulators is an emerging driver of global competitiveness. Therefore, regulators and leaders of industrial organizations and business schools would do well to incorporate these elements into their twenty‐first‐century strategies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   
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This paper builds a dynamic programming model to optimize the collections process in consumer credit. It determines which collections actions should be undertaken and how long they should be performed, including theoretical results about the form of the optimal policy under certain conditions. Finally, a case study is described based on data from the collections department of a European bank.  相似文献   
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