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The mineral raw materials industry is essential for manufacturing by providing the basic materials for their value adding processes. In the last decade, the integration of operations of the industry within global manufacturing supply chains has progressed greatly. The processes of the different stakeholders have been extensively analysed and modelled according to standardised frameworks such as the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model. However, as of today, not all stakeholders are integrated to the same extent. Especially, in the early part of the supply chain, deep integration of the mineral raw materials industry is still an exception. This industry and its processes differ greatly from the average manufacturing company’s processes. Not being directly comparable results in the absence of applications of standardised modelling tools for supply chains like the above-mentioned SCOR model. These circumstances hinder the integration, understanding and exchange between industries that rely significantly on each other. In a first attempt to create a basis for further research, this study analyses, elaborates and compares the challenges and requirements of supply chain processes, with a special focus on sourcing processes, in manufacturing and mining. Based on these findings, an adaption of the SCOR model towards applicability in mining and mining supply processes is presented, followed by a critical discussion of the results and implications, later concluded by a short outlook on further research. 相似文献
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Jens Kratzmann Thorsten Schneider 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2009,61(2):211-234
Although there is a regular age of school entry in Germany, some children start school later than usual and some children start ahead of schedule. While there has been some decrease in delayed school entries in the last years, the rate of premature school entry has increased substantially. Paradoxically, while the delayed entry is primarily because professionals rate a child as not ready for school, the premature entry is mainly based on parents’ choice. The first aim of the paper is to discover whether kindergarten attendance can reduce the risk of a delayed entry. The arguments and hypotheses are mainly based on the theory on the ecology of human development of Bronfenbrenner. The empirical analyses demonstrate that low educated families profit most by kindergarten attendance, but only if the child begins attending the care institution before reaching age four. The second aim concerns considerations in regard to the decision of prematurely entering school. Socio-economic conditions are not as important at this point as compared with a delay in school entry. However, there are some effects indicating that higher educated parents foster a premature entry to elementary schools. The analyses are based on over 1.400 children in the relevant age group and their parents taking part in the large nationwide German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). 相似文献
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