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451.
Tim Jewell 《Serials Review》2013,39(3):153-154
AbstractThe Internet, Google, e-journals, packages, e-books and patron driven acquisitions have all been perceived as “a threat to libraries as we know them.” Yet, in spite of these developments and under the weight of chronic budget pressures, the typical academic library now offers more users better access to more content and services than ever before. In this session we will look at how librarians and the vendors that serve them have responded to these “threats” to their future to create new and improved services. 相似文献
452.
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454.
Tim Stainton 《Disability & Society》2008,23(5):485-496
This paper examines how early church doctrine influenced the construction of and response to intellectual disability. Though the main focus of the paper is on intellectual disability, much of the discussion is more broadly relevant to other types of impairments and human differences. The vehicle for this examination is the work of the key figure in the development and codification of church doctrine, Augustine, Bishop of Hippo (354–430 CE). The paper concludes that while church doctrine mitigated the stark association of reason and human value found in classical Greek thought, it did not engender an attitude of equality in this world. The ideas of grace and the ‘divine plan’, while opening up a limited space for acceptance and broad equality in the eyes of God, also reinforced and legitimated an inferior position in this world, leaving those considered to have an intellectual disability on the margins of social life and subject to a charity ultimately undertaken for the salvation of the giver, rather than for the welfare of the recipient. Subsidiary themes related to the construction of intellectual disability, such as ‘object lessons to the wise’ or as ‘monsters’, use as sources of amusement, innocence and their association with children and the charity ethic, are also examined. 相似文献
455.
Tim J. van Kampen 《生产规划与管理》2013,24(16):1338-1350
Classification of stock-keeping units (SKUs) is a much used approach to determine inventory strategy, production strategy or location of the decoupling point for different SKU categories. However, the literature mainly provides approaches for determining categories at a certain moment in time without addressing the need and factors that urge revision of a determined classification. This paper addresses that gap. The empirical part relies on an extensive case study of a dairy company and uses a large longitudinal data-set from the case company. Our study demonstrates that periodic reclassification is needed to either increase the competitive strength of the company or to reduce risks. Still, classification and reclassification are much more a subtle process that balances customer wishes, operational decisions and commercial motives than a straightforward calculation. 相似文献
456.
Tim Kraft Feryal Erhun Robert C. Carlson Dariush Rafinejad 《Production and Operations Management》2013,22(4):958-975
As public awareness of environmental hazards increases, a growing concern for corporations is the potential negative environmental impact of their products and the chemicals these products contain. In this study, we analyze the optimal decisions of a firm when a substance within its product is identified as potentially hazardous. Although the substance is not currently regulated, regulation may occur in the future. Therefore, the firm must devise a strategy for the development and implementation of a replacement substance. In an environment where replacement costs can be millions of dollars, regulation is uncertain, and both consumer and non‐governmental organization pressures exist, a carefully developed plan that balances costs and risks is critical for a firm. Our results demonstrate that as long as a threat of regulation exists, a firm should always dedicate resources toward developing a replacement substance. However, it is not always optimal for a firm to implement a developed replacement. Regarding competitive dynamics, we find that competition between firms can offset a low chance of a shift in consumer perception about a substance and compel firms to replace; however, competition can lead to inefficient outcomes in which firms incur avoidable costs to implement ahead of potential regulation. 相似文献
457.
The changing climate and concerns over food security are prompting a new look at the supply chain reliability of products derived from agriculture, and the potential role of contract farming as a mechanism to address climate and price risk while contributing toward crop diversification and water use efficiency is also emerging. In this study, the decision problem of a farmer associated with allocating his land among different crops with varying water requirements is considered, given that a subset of the crops may be associated with a forward contract that is being offered by a buyer. The problem includes a decision to acquire a certain amount of irrigation water capacity prior to the season and to allocate this capacity as irrigation water to be applied during the season to each of the crops selected. Rainfall in the growing season and the market price of each crop at the end of the season are considered to be random variables. Two stochastic programming models are developed to consider facets of this problem and to understand how contracts that reduce market price uncertainty from the problem may change the farmer's decision. The structural properties of these models are discussed, and selected implications are illustrated through an application to data from the Ganganagar district in Rajasthan, India. 相似文献
458.
This case study examines the shareholder revolt initiated by a small activist shareholder, which eventually thwarted a takeover
bid by Deutsche Boerse for the London Stock Exchange and forced the resignation of two of its highest profile board members.
Primarily the case marks the emergence of the Anglo-American style shareholder rights movement in a country that offers only
limited power to the shareholders of corporations. In the process it illustrates the mechanisms by which functional convergence
of corporate governance regimes can occur long before the legal framework catches up. In Germany, the corporate governance
regime requires stakeholder interests to be maximised rather than the sole interests of shareholders. This paper chronicles
the shareholder actions that forced the takeover bid to be abandoned and seeks to provide an understanding of the motivations
behind the activists’ campaign and the process by which they were able to overcome difficult odds and win their campaign.
In this respect, it provides a useful insight into the processes used by relatively small investors to exercise their rights
to thwart a takeover offer and topple some powerful corporate executives. Furthermore, the case illustrates how a single issue
such as the strategic logic or the value creation potential of a takeover bid can rapidly spiral to become a wider campaign
over deeply rooted governance concerns at targeted companies. Event study analysis reveals the stock market reaction to the
activists’ intervention. Thirdly, the case sheds light on the importance of communication between management and shareholders
especially when corporate decisions of great strategic import, such as a takeover, are being implemented. The globalisation
of stock markets is empowering shareholders to assert their rights and their activism is driving corporate governance regimes
towards greater convergence and recognition of the primacy of shareholder interests. Overall, the case raises a number of
important issues regarding the corporate governance regime in Germany, the challenges posed by overseas investors, and the
international convergence of corporate governance regimes. The case further suggests an additional mechanism by which international
governance systems can converge functionally towards a common theme even if the form of national regimes remains largely unaltered.
Our results are consistent with the institutional theory perspective of coercive isomorphism in adopting the shareholder value
paradigm by Deutsche Boerse. 相似文献
459.
We study the properties of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) and related test statistics in dynamic models that jointly parameterize conditional means and conditional covariances, when a normal log-likelihood os maximized but the assumption of normality is violated. Because the score of the normal log-likelihood has the martingale difference property when the forst two conditional moments are correctly specified, the QMLE is generally Consistent and has a limiting normal destribution. We provide easily computable formulas for asymptotic standard errors that are valid under nonnormality. Further, we show how robust LM tests for the adequacy of the jointly parameterized mean and variance can be computed from simple auxiliary regressions. An appealing feature of these robyst inference procedures is that only first derivatives of the conditional mean and variance functions are needed. A monte Carlo study indicates that the asymptotic results carry over to finite samples. Estimation of several AR and AR-GARCH time series models reveals that in most sotuations the robust test statistics compare favorably to the two standard (nonrobust) formulations of the Wald and IM tests. Also, for the GARCH models and the sample sizes analyzed here, the bias in the QMLE appears to be relatively small. An empirical application to stock return volatility illustrates the potential imprtance of computing robust statistics in practice. 相似文献
460.