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331.
The rural-urban gap in infant mortality rates is explained by using a new decomposition method that permits identification
of the contribution of unobserved heterogeneity at the household and the community level. Using Demographic and Health Survey
data for six Francophone countries in Central and West sub-Saharan Africa, we find that differences in the distributions of
factors that determine mortality-not differences in their effects-explain almost the entire gap. Higher infant mortality rates
in rural areas mainly derive from the rural disadvantage in household characteristics, both observed and unobserved, which
explain two-thirds of the gap. Among the observed characteristics, environmental factors-a safe source of drinking water,
electricity, and quality of housing materials-are the most important contributors. Community characteristics explain less
than onequarter of the gap, with about two-thirds of this coming from community unobserved heterogeneity and one-third from
the existence of a health facility within the community. The effect of disadvantageous environmental conditions-such as limited
electricity and water supply-derives both from a lack of community-level infrastructure and from the inability of some households
to exploit it when available. Policy needs to operate at both the community and household levels to correct such deficiencies. 相似文献
332.
333.
De A Dhar U Virkar T Altekar C Mishra W Parmar V Mutakekar M Iqbal R Chandra AM 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):3404-3411
Subjective Visual Disturbances are silent adversaries that appear over a period of continued exposure and arise when the visual demands of the tasks exceed the visual abilities of the user. Jewellery manufacturing activity involves precision designs, setting the metal and stones, polishing and filing which requires higher visual demand. Therefore, it is expected that the jewellery manufacturing workers may experience subjective visual disturbances. This study was taken up with the following objectives 1) To study the presence of subjective visual disturbances among jewellery manufacturing workers and compare the same with VDT operators 2) To study the effect of work exposures on subjective visual disturbances and 3) to ascertain whether subjective visual disturbances have any permanent vision related problems. The study was carried out on jewellery manufacturing workers, VDT operators and on graduate students. The symptoms of subjective visual disturbances were identified using a questionnaire developed by Sheedy (2003). Viewing distances were measured and visual angles were calculated. The eye check--ups were also carried out. The subjective visual disturbances were higher in jewellery manufacturing workers. The findings suggest that work exposure has an impact on the causation of subjective visual disturbances. No pathological conditions of the eyes were observed. 相似文献
334.
This article presents a study on the accidents related to the use of products and services, as recorded at two emergency hospitals at the city S?o Luís, Brazil. The goal of the study was to evaluate the main types and causes of unintentional accidents as well as the more frequent injuries for further improvement of products and services. The study evaluated the victims profile (gender and age), the circumstances (activity, local and time) that lead to the accidents and the type of resulted injury. Non-parametric statistics showed that 83.64% of the accidents were related to products (57.6% of them being consumer products) and 8.6% are related to maintenance services. 57.6% of the victims were children under 15 years old, and 58.4% were male. 50.2% of accidents occurred at home, more often (44.7%) in the afternoon. The most common injury was musculoesqueletal (48.6%), 49.0% being cranioencephalic trauma and 15.2% fractures. 相似文献
335.
Santana AM Gomes JK De Marchi D Girondoli YM Rosado LE Rosado GP de Andrade IM 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):2908-2914
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress, working conditions and the nutritional status of 53 military police officers in a Southeast city of Brazil. In order to evaluate the symptomatology and the stress phase, the Inventory of Stress Symptoms Lipp for Adults - ISSL was utilized. The assessment of the working conditions was performed by means of socio-demographic questionnaire, direct observation and interviews. The nutritional and health conditions were assessed through anthropometric measures, biochemical tests, blood pressure measurements and cardiovascular disease risk calculator. The sample is of the male gender (92.5%) and aging below 40 years old (73.6%). From these, 35.8% showed stress and 68.4% were in the resistance phase, with 31.6% almost burned out. Through the calculation of Chi-square we could find positive association between the BMI and tiredness (P = 0.0188), between the BMI and irritation (P = 0.0005) and the BMI and the appearance of nervous system problems or emotional problems (P = 0.0304), indicating that these statuses or problems could be related to work. We can conclude then, the stress is present among military police officers. No case of critical stress was found, and the stress phases identified are still susceptible to intervention. 相似文献
336.
Jan De Mol Ellen Reijmers Lesley Verhofstadt Leon Kuczynski 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2018,39(1):54-66
The concept of agency is relevant in family therapy. As family therapists we approach each family member as a full agent, which means that what each person thinks and feels, makes sense, and that each person contributes in a significant way to the construction of a relationship. A person's sense of relational agency is constructed in relationships through processes of relational influence. Thus, agency is a relational construct and is dependent on bidirectional transactions in a relationship. A person's sense of relational agency refers to the belief a person has about being able to influence another person, that this influence is significant for the other, makes a difference for the other, and contributes to the construction of the relationship. Many family members who enter therapy have lost their sense of relational agency. In this paper we discuss ideas how to reconstruct family members’ sense of relational agency in therapeutic practice. 相似文献
337.
于德 《安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2021,23(1):96-102
突发性重大公共卫生安全事件以传播速度快、感染范围广、防控难度大,给人民群众生命健康安全和经济社会发展造成严重影响和重大损失,对推进社会治理体系和治理能力现代化提出了新方向和新命题,也对提升社会应急管理能力建设特别是完善基层社区应急管理体制机制提出了新挑战和新要求.基层社区作为社会的细胞、城市治理的基本单元,是完善社会治... 相似文献
338.
We investigate change in the association between premarital cohabitation and the risk of separation. Using retrospective marriage history data from the first wave (2001) of the Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australian survey, we examine 6,210 first marriages formed between 1945 and 2000. We find the association between premarital cohabitation and separation is changing. The increased risk of separation for cohabitors compared to noncohabitors diminishes each year for marriages before 1988. This association then reverses for marriages after 1988, where noncohabitors have an increased risk of separation. Our results indicate that, for more recent marriages, premarital cohabitation reduces the risk of separation; more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms for this reversal. 相似文献
339.
This article involves a study of the narrative of a Second World War Resistance member by means of an interview in which the interviewer explicitly inserts the historical context by selecting the topics for discussion and asking critical questions. The interview deals with three periods: the Wartime period; the First Wave of Reprisals; and the Second Wave of Reprisals. The analyses show that the interviewee's first and second‐level positionings shift along with changes in historical period and that they mirror the general historical image of the Resistance. These different positionings are highly consistent in themselves and this consistency is also present on the third level of positioning, because of the interviewee's fairly muted style of narrating, by which blatant inconsistencies are avoided and a general, ‘good’ identity is constructed. The article also demonstrates that the interview style adds another, important dimension to the analysis of identities in life stories. 相似文献
340.
Faramarz Asanjarani Maryam Fatehizade Ozra Etemadi Jan De Mol 《Journal of divorce & remarriage》2018,59(2):108-122
This research explores the effects of participating in the Rebuilding Seminar on postdivorce adjustment and the general health of divorced women in Arak, Iran. For this quasi-experimental study, 15 participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Prior to the participation in group intervention, participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28). Participants then completed the 10 weekly, 2-hour group intervention program. After the completion of the group intervention, postintervention questionnaires were administered. Results indicate that this particular educational program affected adjustment in participants on all subscales of the FDAS, except for social self-worth. The results also suggest that the intervention program was effective on all subscales of the GHQ–28, except for somatic symptoms. Due to numerous changes in the life of divorced women and the stressful nature of divorce, designing and implementing effective intervention plans seems necessary and constructive. 相似文献