书法精神构成中的人格象征意识--兼论书法的情感表现

书法艺术形式的高度抽象性决定了它精神情感的象征性表现方式。在中国古代书法审美论中 ,有两大基本体系 ,一是自然物象说 ,一是人格象征论。本文试图从形而下书法的点画技法到形而上书法的风格品位及书品与人品的内在联系上 ,探讨人格象征意识在书法艺术精神构成中的意义 ,同时对人格化书法的情感内容略作分析     

郭小川50年代诗歌探索的知识分子意义

一直被认为是“战士诗人”的郭小川,在50年代中后期的诗歌探索中却以“独特而新颖”的创见,表明了一个知识分子诗人个性的坚持和主体意识的觉醒,揭示了一代知识分子在投身革命过程中的复杂情感和思想矛盾,显示了个人与时代冲突独特的知识分子意义。     

Innovation and Its Governance Process in Italy

Almost everybody, almost everywhere, speaks and writes about innovation: highly qualified and esteemed people covering key offices. Basically, the matter is debated within the framework of conferences, meetings, symposiums, articles put out in specialized, niche newspapers as well as in mass-circulation ones. Apparently it sounds positive, as innovation seems to have become the main theme, towards which the best efforts are worth being directed. The issue of China and India is now in the limelight. The way out is easy: just more innovation. And what about global competitiveness of Italy, or brain drain? What of GDP increasing less than the average in Europe? Tourism dropping off? Industrial delocalization increasing? What of such an inefficient public administration? The answer is one and only: There is a need for more innovation! That makes a lot of sense somehow; the negative aspect is that, most of the times, the core meaning and the fundamentals of innovation are not really deepened and understood; poor attention is paid to the reasons why the situation of Italy is unsatisfactory as regards innovation or to the main problems to be figured out for such a stalemate to be overcome. This short essay is going to focus on these issues, with a view to foster debate leading to prompt and realistic decisions.     

战争文化心理下的讽刺小说--浅析沙汀和张天翼的讽刺小说

战争文化心理是在20世纪二三十年代形成的一种社会心理积淀,是中国历史发展之必然,即战争观念、战争意识占据文化心理的主导位置,从而使战争特征超越其他文化心理特征而形成的一种普遍的社会心理.其形成是内因与外因结合的产物.沙汀和张天翼的讽刺小说,在人物塑造上体现的二元对立,与小说的语言、结构、选材上体现的目的指向性,均流露出战争的价值判断.     

Singlehood

This study reports some of the results of an inquiry into objective social isolation and feelings of loneliness in a stratified sample of 556 adults (unmarried, divorced, widowed, and married men and women). Given a recent marked increase in the number of singles in the Netherlands, special attention is paid to the single respondents. The results of this study give evidence that unmarried, divorced, and widowed people are, on the average, lonelier than married people. Within the subgroup of unmarried and divorced people living alone, some men and women were found who could be described as “creative singles.” The analysis shows that “creative singles” seem to be able to cope with their situation of living alone. For example, they report few feelings of loneliness, in contrast to the situation of the rest of the group of people living alone.     

数字的运用与中国古代诗歌批评的精确化倾向

运用数字进行诗歌批评在中国古代诗歌批评中是一种非常普遍的方法,但并没有引起当代学者的注意和重视。其实,它在方法上是一种创新,同时更重要的是它表现了中国古代诗歌批评追求精确的一面。它在自身的发展过程中形成了一些鲜明的特色,其产生的原因是复杂的,其中最值得注意的是它与诗歌教育有着密切的联系。     

Belief Systems and Evolution: A Distinction between Magic and Religion and its Implications for Socio-Cultural Change*

La controverse au sujet des definitions de la magie et de la religion est dtudiee. Afin de reduire I'ambiguite, on elabore une typologie des systemes de croyance qui differencie tout aussi bien magie et religion que science et ideologic Les consequences de ce schema, pour comprendre 1'evaluation socio-culturelle, sont examinees. II y est suggere qu'au fur et a mesure que des systemesisociaux mieux adaptes se sont developpes, ils ont eu tendance a mettre l'accent sur la science et l'ideologie plutot que sur la magie et la religion. The controversy over the definitions of magic and religion is surveyed. As a solution, a typology of belief systems is constructed which not only differentiates magic and religion, but science and ideology as well. This scheme's implications for socio-cultural evolution are explored. It is suggested that, as increasingly adaptive social systems have evolved, they have tended to emphasize science and ideology rather than magic and religion.     

重庆市少数民族地区教育问题及对策探讨

为了促进重庆市少数民族地区教育的发展 ,我们选取了市内少数民族聚居地———黔江开发区的五个民族自治县作为研究重点。该地区的教育发展至今 ,已初步形成了一个教育大体系 ,但由于教育观念落后、自然和经济条件落后、教育经费投入不足等原因 ,使得学校办学条件差、拖欠教师工资、师资队伍弱小、职业技术教育薄弱 ;据此 ,必须改变教育观念、增加教育经费投入、加强经费管理、发展职业技术教育和进行师资队伍建设 ,并开展对口支援。     

“一分为三”模式探析

(AA———Aa———aa) n 可以作为“一分为三”之模式 ,当n =0时 ,表示“无”事物 ,“无”就是“有” ,就是一种特殊的存在。当n =1时 ,表示一个事物存在着三个方面。当n =n时 ,表示n个事物相互作用时 ,结果为 :AAn、aan 和处于中间状态的Aan……。从而说明事物存在着AA、Aa、aa三种状态且三者在自然的、生态的和人类社会的环境中通常处于平衡状态。事物相互作用可以用 (AA———Aa———aa) n 来表达其“一分为三”的规律性。可以反映和说明生物遗传变异的一般规律。