Der Einfluss politischer Ereignisse auf die PopularitÄt von Parteien und Politikern und auf das Parteiensystem

Political events, entering the political system as external shocks, can have a sizable impact on the popularity of political parties and politicians. We investigate this impact using as examples the unregistered campaign donations to chancellor Kohl (CDU-Spendenaffäre) and the political handling of the flash flood in the Elbe region shortly before the last federal election. Our special contribution to the literature is the combined analysis of event impacts on the valence dimension of the German party system and the inertia of the ideological dimension. By using a principal component analysis we extract a two-dimensional political configuration containing the position of parties and politicians and voters’ ideal points. We show that the basic ideological structure of the party system remains nearly unaltered even by such prominent events as the Spendenaffäre (donations scandal). The main changes affect the valence dimension. Focusing on voters we show that the greatest change of evaluation of parties takes place within the group of independents while the partisans remain rather stable in their assessments.     

强化港口城市功能主动融入长三角经济圈

国务院批复宁波的城市性质为:我国东南沿海重要的港口城市、长三角南翼经济中心城市、国家历史文化名城.为实现这一目标,宁波正在实施"东扩、北联、南统筹、中提升区域发展战略".     

Soziale Einflüsse auf die Klassenwahl im Generationen- und Periodenvergleich:

Social influences on the class vote result in a higher SPD-vote of workers who live in class homogeneous environments. These environments can be operationalized as ego-centric networks. In West Germany, these social influences are restricted to older cohorts and earlier Bundestag elections. This result gets corroborated by applying a more sophisticated dynamic version of an influence model, which analyses the relationship between party identification and the vote intention. It is shown that workers who do not identify with a party get mobilized as SPD-voters during election campaigns if they have contacts with other workers. This effect cannot be observed with ALLBUS-data from 1980, 1990 and 2000 for which interviewing did not take place during election campaigns. What has not changed in the last decades is the recruitment of friends and acquaintances from the same social class and subjective class identification under the impact of class homogeneous networks. What has changed is the politisation of these class homogeneous networks.     

Policy Changes in Community Mental Health: Interventions and Strategies Used in Sweden over 20 Years

The deinstitutionalization of mental health care has changed the responsibilities of involved authorities and has led to a continuous need for new treatment forms and interventions. This article describes this development in Europe, and in particular how these new conditions have been handled in Sweden over the past 20 years at the level of governmental policy‐making. Three major policy documents from 1994, 2009 and 2012 were included in this study. To increase our understanding of the policies' contents, we have used theoretical concepts concerning governance, implementation and political risk management. Although our main interest was to find out how the government handles interventions for users of the mental health care system, we found that the policy work is progressing stepwise. The first document, from the deinstitutionalization era, did not discuss interventions clearly. Instead, it was mainly concerned with both practical and economical areas of responsibility. The second document, from the post‐deinstitutionalization era, was more focused on what services should be delivered to the users, while the most recently published document to a greater extent addressed the question of how the support is supposed to be designed. The trend in European community mental health policy has been to advocate services in open forms that are integrated into the society's other care systems. This is also the case in Sweden, and continuous work is being done by the government to find strategies to support the development, and to meet the needs at both political and local levels.     

A Comparative Study of Cell Formation Techniques: Experimental Findings on Data-Dependency and Solution Quality

A large number of techniques for solving the cell formation problem has emerged in recent years. However, little effort has been spent on determining the procedures' relative performance. This paper identifies four problem areas for which important decisions must be made in connection with a comparative study: asymmetry among procedures with respect to input data, sensitivity to input data, ability of cell formation techniques to generate different solutions, and criteria for acceptable cell performance. Relying on a new taxonomy that categorizes cell formation techniques based on required input data, and a new approach to describing and manipulating shop data, this paper illustrates how choices within the four areas above can be resolved within the context of a comparative study. The experiments uncover fundamental relations between cell formation techniques, the types of input data they use, the characteristics of the data that drive the models, and the resulting performance.     

Case management for people with psychiatric disabilities in rural Sweden; experiences from the implementation of a national policy

The aim is to analyse the implementation of a case manager-model in rural Sweden. A sample of 15 case management teams was selected. Written materials were collected and interviews on location were carried out. Results: rural case managers design their work methods themselves, which entail several deviations from the national policy guidelines in this field. The case management boards have a low capacity to direct and manage the activities of the case managers. Consequently, case managers develop into ‘welfare entrepreneurs’. One salient risk is that teams become isolated from the surrounding welfare system. In conclusion, the Swedish version of case management in rural areas is a result of local processes of adaptation and negotiation that result in services that differ from those envisaged in national policy guidelines.     

城市流动人口社会融合的过程、测量及影响因素

本文提出流动人口的社会融合是一个逐步同化和减少排斥的过程,是流动人口对城市的主观期望和城市的客观接纳相统一的过程,是本地人口和外来移民发生相互交往和构建相互关系的过程。本文通过模型分析,验证了流动人口社会融合影响因素的三个假设,即流动人口的个人和家庭状况影响社会融合;流动人口的社区参与和社会资本影响社会融合;城市的制度安排影响流动人口的社会融合。     

外出务工农户回流意愿及其影响因素分析——以武汉市新洲区为例

在对武汉市新洲区农户问卷调查的基础上，通过logistic回归模型对农户回流意愿的影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明：农户个体特征、农户家庭特征、农户对乡村的总体评价以及城市对农户的吸引力等都对农户回流意愿产生了一定的影响。其中性别、年龄和文化程度等个体属性对农户回流意愿有显著影响。家庭外出务工人数与农户回流意愿有较强的负相关性，其他家庭特征变量影响不明显。农户对农村总体评价深刻影响农户回流意愿，城市吸引力对农户回流意愿具有明显的负相关性。因此，针对农户回流现象，政府应制定相关政策鼓励回流农户原地创业，通过农户回流意愿的分析，发现农村工作的不足之处，有针对性地建设新农村。     

Non-Profit Organizations in Mental Health: Their Roles as seen in Research

Non-profit organizations (NPO) for mental health are becoming significant actors. Here, their roles in welfare society as understood in research are identified and analyzed. Results from recent research publications on the mental health field are synthesized and categorized in order to find out their origin, theoretical orientation, and view on mental health NPO’s in relation to the public welfare systems. Relevant publications are primarily from the US, empirically oriented, and addressing surveys on both individual and organizational level. NPOs were most often seen as consensus-oriented service organizations, while very few (4%) were seen as conflict-oriented advocates (i.e., anti-professional). It is concluded that these NPOs are most often studied as complements or alternatives to existing public welfare services rather than on their own terms, and that research on the topic lacks more complex theoretical attempts.