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981.
Two-sided intergenerational moral hazard occurs (i) if the parent’s decision to purchase long-term care (LTC) coverage undermines the child’s incentive to exert effort because
the insurance protects the bequest from the cost of nursing home care, and (ii) when the parent purchases less LTC coverage, relying on child’s effort to keep him out of the nursing home. However, a “net”
moral hazard effect obtains only if the two players’ responses to exogenous shocks fail to neutralize each other, entailing
a negative relationship between child’s effort and parental LTC coverage. We focus on outcomes out of equilibrium, interpreting
them as a break in the relationship resulting in no informal care provided and hence high probability nursing home admission.
Changes in the parent’s initial wealth, LTC subsidy received, and child’s expected inheritance are shown to induce “net” moral
hazard, in contradistinction to changes in child’s opportunity cost and share in the bequest. 相似文献
982.
This experiment elicits beliefs about other people’s overconfidence and abilities. We find that most people believe that others
are unbiased, and only few think that others are overconfident. There is a remarkable heterogeneity between these groups.
Those people who think others are underconfident or unbiased are overconfident themselves. Those who think others are overconfident
are underconfident themselves. Despite this heterogeneity, people overestimate on average the abilities of others as they
do their own ability. One driving force behind this result is the refusal to process information about oneself: not only does
this lead to overestimation of one’s own ability, but by means of social projection also to overestimation of others’ abilities. 相似文献
983.
Elena Sherwood 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2009,37(4):332-339
This theoretical discussion shed lights on the elements that impact on Canadian military marriages. A case example is presented
to illustrate the value of using the strengths perspective, systems theory and attachment theory when assessing couples in
this group. It further demonstrates how different assessment approaches produce significantly varied treatment plans. 相似文献
984.
Houy Nicolas 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,33(4):691-698
We show the necessary and sufficient conditions for any two of the sets of stable, generalized stable, absorbing or admissible
sets of an abstract decision problem to coincide. We show that all these conditions can be written as depending only on the
number of predecessors or successors of some alternatives. 相似文献
985.
We formulate and investigate experimentally a model of how individuals choose between time sequences of monetary outcomes.
The model assumes that a decision maker uses, sequentially, two criteria to screen options. Each criterion only permits a
decision between some pairs of options, while the other options are incomparable according to that criterion. When the first
criterion is not decisive, the decision maker resorts to the second criterion to select an alternative. We find that: (1)
traditional economic models based on discounting alone cannot explain a significant (almost 30%) proportion of the data no
matter how much variability in the discount functions is allowed; (2) our model, despite considering only a specific (exponential)
form of discounting, can explain the data much better solely thanks to the use of the secondary criterion; (3) our model explains
certain specific patterns in the choices of the “irrational” people. We reject the hypothesis that anomalous behavior is due
simply to random “mistakes” around the basic predictions of discounting theories: deviations are not random and there are
clear systematic patterns of association between “irrational” choices. 相似文献
986.
Vivian Shapiro 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2009,37(1):45-55
This paper reviews the work of Professor Selma Fraiberg who became a leading figure in the field of infant mental health.
Born in 1918 she first received an MSW in Social Work and then undertook her Analytic Training in Detroit Michigan. While
she maintained her identity as a social worker throughout her life, she integrated insights from the fields of social work,
psychoanalysis and developmental and ego psychology in her research and practice. This paper traces her development as a clinician,
researcher, and educator. Three cases describe her ability to integrate social work methodologies with analytic insights.
The cases describe the treatment of a latency age child at a time of social change, a clinical research study of the developmental
risk of children blind from birth, and a groundbreaking study in the field of infant mental health. Her study of infants at
developmental risk focused on the parent /infant relationship and parents were included in the treatment process so that they
could become more attuned to their young child. Her work highlighted the intergenerational issues that shaped the parental
capacity for empathic nurturance between parent and child. The article Ghosts in the Nursery incorporated the major theoretical concepts of the new theoretical approach to treatment and is still much read in graduate
programs today. Although extensive new research has added to the field of infant mental health, her contributions are still
relevant to research and practice today. 相似文献
987.
988.
David Cunningham 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(4):355-377
Models that purport to explain the interplay between dissidents and the state generally assert, either explicitly or implicitly,
that the path from state interests to action to outcomes is a linear one. Using the case of the United Klans of America (UKA)
in North Carolina, I argue that state efforts to exert social control upon a perceived threat are shaped by a range of internal
and external contingencies. In particular, I undertake a comparative analysis of two state agencies to demonstrate how a particular
mechanism—ambivalence, here conceptualized as the relational consequence of a mismatch between organizational culture and organizational goals—leads
to distinct, and sometimes heterogeneous, actions and outcomes not directly traceable to organizational mandates. Findings
lend insight into how endogenous organizational processes shape contentious political outcomes in potentially divergent ways. 相似文献
989.
Dose-Response Assessment of Airborne Methyl Isothiocyanate (MITC) Following a Metam Sodium Spill 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
George V. Alexeeff Dennis J. Shusterman Robert A. Howd Richard J. Jackson 《Risk analysis》1994,14(2):191-198
A tank car derailment in northern California in 1991 spilled metam sodium into the Sacramento River, and released its breakdown product, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), into the air. This paper describes the risk evaluation process used. Over 240 individuals reported symptoms such as eye and throat irritation, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Reference exposure levels (RELs) for 1 hr were developed for MITC and compared to exposure concentrations. Ocular irritation in cats was the most sensitive endpoint reported. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), divided by an uncertainty factor (UF) of 100, produced an REL of 0.5 ppb of MITC in air to prevent discomfort. An REL to prevent disability was estimated to be 40 ppb. An REL to prevent life-threatening injury was estimated to be 150 ppb. Measured MITC levels ranged from 0.2-37 ppb and estimated peak levels ranged from 140-1600 ppb. The usefulness of RELs for emergency planning is discussed. 相似文献
990.