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341.
Prof. Dr. Ralf Diedrich Prof. Dr. Stefan Dierkes Dr. Hans-Christian Gr?ger 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2011,81(6):657-675
Drukarczyk and Lobe argue that the value of a company depends on individual preferences for leveraged or unleveraged companies if debt and credit interest rates after personal taxes differ. Consequentially they derive two preference-dependent valuation formulas. Based on these results an increasing amount of literature proposing preference-dependent valuation formulas emerged. We claim that this has to be viewed critically. In order to show that even in a world of different debt and credit interest rates after personal taxes a market value can be determined we develop a new version of the Tax CAPM. Based on this model the market value of leveraged and unleveraged companies is derived. Finally we show that the corresponding valuation function significantly differs from the preference-dependent valuation formulas. 相似文献
342.
343.
Evidence-based practice depends in part on knowledge derived from relevant research. For any given topic, there are likely
to be many, potentially relevant studies; a careful appraisal and synthesis of the results of these studies is needed to understand
the state of the empirical evidence. Meta-analysis is widely used to combine results of quantitative studies; yet this method
is unfamiliar to many people and, as a result, meta-analyses are often uncritically accepted. In this article, we argue that
meta-analysis is only one component of a good research synthesis. We critique a recent metaanalysis on the effectiveness of
long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, showing that this metaanalysis failed to meet current standards for the conduct and
reporting of systematic research reviews and meta-analyses. We demonstrate the use of AMSTAR, a straightforward tool for assessing
the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. 相似文献
344.
Markus L?rz Marian Krawietz 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2011,63(2):185-205
In the course of educational expansion social inequalities in access to upper secondary education declined, while the differences in transition to tertiary education increased. In the light of these changes the assumption arises, that the patterns of social selectivity in access to higher education have changed. While in the past status maintenance was mainly due to differences in access to higher education, today it is to a greater extent a question of kind and place of study. Because of the growing importance of international experience for labour market success, students of privileged classes might increasingly opt to study abroad in order to preserve their privileged position. Drawing on a series of panel-datasets of upper secondary graduates in Germany, we estimate the extent and development of social differences in international mobility behaviour between 1990 and 2005, and apply a decomposition method in order to single out the underlying processes and mechanisms. We find remarkable social differences in the intention as well as in the decision to study at a foreign university. Students from privileged classes more often decide to study abroad, while students from underprivileged classes stay close to their hometown. These differences can partly be explained by school performance, language skills, social costs and institutional differences. Furthermore we find that these differences have rather increased than decreased. 相似文献
345.
This paper presents neurobiological aspects of the therapeutic action of psychoanalytic play therapy. The author contends
that play integrates diverse modes of neural processing because of its inherently enactive and verbal nature. Admixtures of
new and familiar self/other configurations emerge, simultaneously shaping and fostering integration of procedural and declarative
modes of experience. Complex self-other configurations develop in play therapy because of its intrinsic integration of multiple
experiential modes. The paper includes an illustration of play treatment with a boy who presented with a disorganized attachment
pattern, an attendant deficit in affect regulation, and who manifested frank psychotic symptomatology. 相似文献
346.
Isaacowitz and Stanley review age differences in facial emotion recognition, an ability tied to effective socioemotional functioning
but often marked by age-related decline. They highlight major findings from the past decade and conclude that age-related
declines exist but are least pronounced for positive relative to negative emotions. They discuss possible motivational and
structural explanations for this positivity effect, and they describe future research avenues for evaluating age-related differences
in more ecologically valid contexts. In this commentary, we discuss each of these topics. We state that many complexities
that arise when interpreting age differences are similar to issues raised by emotion scholars who have studied intrapersonal
and interpersonal processes outside of the developmental literature. We argue that theoretical and methodological lessons
gained from these emotion scholars would provide insight to interpret current findings and direct future research in life-span
development. 相似文献
347.
Strategic versus non-strategic voting power in the EU Council of Ministers: the consultation procedure 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article evaluates the distribution of power within the Council of the European Union from the a priori perspective of
constitutional design using two distinct approaches: (1) applying traditional voting power indices; (2) carrying out strategic
equilibrium analysis of the EU’s consultation procedure. It clarifies why both approaches lead to different power indications, and investigates the determinants of the differences’
magnitudes. Depending on one’s assumptions about behavior of the consultation procedure’s agenda setter, the European Commission,
traditional indices turn out to deliver a good approximation also of relative strategic power in the Council. 相似文献
348.
Michael?J.?A.?WohlEmail author Travis?Sztainert 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(1):155-169
Attrition can introduce a systematic bias that can negatively affect validity (Cook and Campbell, Quasi-experimentation: design
and analysis issues for field settings. Rand McNally, Chicago, 1979). Current longitudinal research in gambling, however, has generally overlooked the reasons for attrition. The current research
examined the relationship between pathological gambling symptomatology, stage of change and attrition. Three hundred and seventy-nine
participants were contacted 12 months after initially participating in a study on gambling for a follow-up session. Logistic
regression revealed those in the contemplation and preparation stages of change reported higher levels of pathological gambling
symptomatology and were more likely to drop out of the study compared to those in the precontemplation stage. As predicted,
gambling symptomatology mediated the relationship between stages of change and attrition. The implication for longitudinal
research on gambling as well as extant findings that have used this methodological approach is discussed. 相似文献
349.
Benjamin?LevingerEmail author Marques?Benton Stephan?Meier 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2011,32(4):566-585
This study analyzes consumers’ knowledge of their own credit situation and tests whether a lack of knowledge affects financial
outcomes. The unique dataset from survey and credit report data includes self-estimates of credit scores and actual scores
from a low-to-moderate income sample. We argue and show empirically that many respondents don’t know their credit score and
generally underestimate their creditworthiness. Furthermore, our evidence suggests that this biased self-assessment may explain
differences in perceived credit constraints and credit contracts, specifically credit card interest rates. Our research suggests
that an important aspect of financial literacy is self-assessment, and that it is important to encourage consumers to regularly
check their credit reports and scores so as to better understand their actual creditworthiness. 相似文献
350.
In this paper, we demonstrate how age-adjusted inequality measures can be used to evaluate whether changes in inequality over
time are due to changes in the age-structure. To this end, we use administrative data on earnings for every male Norwegian
over the period 1967–2000. We find that the substantial rise in earnings inequality over the 1980s and into the early 1990s,
is to some extent driven by the fact that the large baby boom cohorts are approaching the peak of the age–earnings profile.
We further demonstrate that the impact of age-adjustments on the trend in inequality during the period 1993–2000 is highly
sensitive to the method used: While the most widely used age-adjusted inequality measure indicates little change in inequality
over this period, a new and improved age-adjusted measure suggests a decline in inequality. 相似文献