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401.
Jamey?J.?Lister Michael?J.?A.?WohlEmail author Christopher?G.?Davis 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2015,31(3):995-1003
Engaging in activities that make people feel authentic or real is typically associated with a host of positive psychological and physiological outcomes (i.e., being authentic serves to increase well-being). In the current study, we tested the idea that authenticity might have a dark side among people engaged in an addictive or risky behavior (gambling). To test this possibility, we assessed gamblers (N = 61) who were betting on the National Hockey League playoff games at a sports bar. As predicted, people who felt authentic when gambling reported behavior associated with problem gambling (high frequency of betting) as well as problematic play (a big monetary loss and a big monetary win). Moreover, such behavior and gambling outcomes were particularly high among people who were motivated to gamble for the purpose of enhancement. The interaction of feeling authentic when betting and gambling for purposes of enhancing positive emotions proved especially troublesome for problematic forms of play. Implications of authenticity as a potential vulnerability factor for sports betting and other types of gambling are discussed. 相似文献
402.
Judee?K.?BurgoonEmail author Ryan?Schuetzler David?W.?Wilson 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2015,39(1):1-24
A persistent question in the deception literature has been the extent to which nonverbal behaviors can reliably distinguish between truth and deception. It has been argued that deception instigates cognitive load and arousal that are betrayed through visible nonverbal indicators. Yet, empirical evidence has often failed to find statistically significant or strong relationships. Given that interpersonal message production is characterized by a high degree of simultaneous and serial patterning among multiple behaviors, it may be that patterns of behaviors are more diagnostic of veracity. Or it may be that the theorized linkage between internal states of arousal, cognitive taxation, and efforts to control behavior and nonverbal behaviors are wrong. The current investigation addressed these possibilities by applying a software program called THEME to analyze the patterns of kinesic movements (adaptor gestures, illustrator gestures, and speaker and listener head movements) rated by trained coders for participants in a mock crime experiment. Our multifaceted analysis revealed that the quantity and quality of patterns distinguish truths from untruths. Quantitative and qualitative analyses conducted by case and condition revealed high variability in the types and complexities of patterns that were produced and differences between truthful and deceptive respondents questioned about a theft. Patterns incorporating adaptors and illustrator gestures were correlated in counterintuitive ways with arousal, cognitive load, and behavioral control, and qualitative analyses produced unique insights into truthful and untruthful communication. 相似文献
403.
John O’Neill Ruth Anne Rehfeldt Chris Ninness Bridget E. Mu?oz James Mellor 《The Analysis of verbal behavior》2015,31(2):255-266
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of an online stimulus equivalence procedure to that of an assigned reading when learning Skinner’s taxonomy of verbal behavior. Twenty-six graduate students participated via an online learning management system. One group was exposed to an online stimulus equivalence procedure (equivalence group) that was designed to teach relations among the names, antecedents, consequences, and examples of each elementary verbal operant. A comparison group (reading group) read a chapter from a popular textbook. Tests for the emergence of selection-based and topography-based intraverbal responses were then conducted, as were tests for generalization and maintenance. Overall, results suggest that the online equivalence procedure was not significantly more effective in promoting topography-based responses than the assigned reading. However, performance on selection-based tests was enhanced by the online equivalence procedure as was performance on topography-based tests when participants were required to provide operant names in response to consequences or examples. On average, the equivalence group performed at a level that was 10 percentage points (i.e., a full letter grade) above that of the reading group. The viability of the equivalence-based procedure is discussed in relation to the assigned reading. 相似文献
404.
Taking out student loans to assist with the costs of postsecondary schooling in the US has become the norm in recent decades. The debt burden young adults acquire during the higher education process, however, is increasingly stratified with black young adults holding greater debt burden than whites. Using data from the NLSY 1997 cohort, we examine racial differences in student loan debt acquisition and parental net wealth as a predictor contributing to this growing divide. We have four main results. First, confirming prior research, black young adults have substantially more debt than their white counterparts. Second, we find that this difference is partially explained by differences in wealth, family background, postsecondary educational differences, and family contributions to college. Third, young adults’ net worth explain a portion of the black–white disparity in debt, suggesting that both differences in accumulation of debt and ability to repay debt in young adulthood explain racial disparities in debt. Fourth, the black–white disparity in debt is greatest at the highest levels of parents’ net worth. Our findings show that while social and economic experiences can help explain racial disparities in debt, the situation is more precarious for black youth, who are not protected by their parents’ wealth. This suggests that the increasing costs of higher education and corresponding rise in student loan debt are creating a new form of stratification for recent cohorts of young adults, and that student loan debt may be a new mechanism by which racial economic disparities are inherited across generations. 相似文献
405.
Heather?A.?O’ConnellEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Lester?King Jenifer?L.?Bratter 《Race and social problems》2016,8(4):281-295
Disparities are pronounced along racial/ethnic lines in the USA. Convention draws our attention to blacks and whites, but increased racial/ethnic diversity in the USA requires shifts in that focus. We contribute to studies of racial/ethnic stratification by interrogating the association between racial/ethnic composition and supermarket location in Houston, Texas. First, we assess the benefits of a new approach to defining the racial/ethnic composition of local areas, an approach that acknowledges an increasingly complex racial/ethnic demography. Second, we contribute to our understanding of emerging racial/ethnic stratification hierarchies by examining the position of the racial/ethnic composition categories relative to one another. Our results suggest a persistent link between racial/ethnic composition and supermarket location, which highlights entrenched black disadvantage coupled with malleable middle positions for Hispanic areas. The associated stratification hierarchy is gradual in nature, yet there is evidence supporting arguments that the USA is moving toward a tri-racial system. 相似文献
406.
Charles Baden-Fuller Beno?t Demil Xavier Lecoq Ian MacMillan 《Long Range Planning》2010,43(2-3):143-145
407.
Samantha Mann Aldert Vrij Sharon Leal P?r Anders Granhag Lara Warmelink Dave Forrester 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2012,36(3):205-215
Although people overwhelmingly believe that liars avoid eye contact, meta-analyses of deception literature have shown a non-significant relationship between gaze and deception. In the present experiment we measured eye movements in an innovative way. We coded the extent to which interviewees deliberately made eye contact with the interviewer. Liars take their credibility less for granted than truth tellers. They therefore may have a greater desire to be convincing and hence more inclined to monitor the interviewer to determine whether they seem to be being believed. We therefore hypothesized that liars would give more appearance of deliberately making eye contact than truth tellers (a relationship which opposes the stereotypical belief that liars look away). A total of 338 passengers at an international airport told the truth or lied about their forthcoming trip. As well as the deliberate eye contact variable, we coded the amount of time the interviewees looked away from the interviewer (e.g., gaze aversion), which is typically examined in deception research. Liars displayed more deliberate eye contact than truth tellers, whereas the amount of gaze aversion did not differ between truth tellers and liars. 相似文献
408.
409.
The system of full mobilisation and the modest effects of the World War II events on the civil population make Finland a highly
useful case for exploring whether war veterans have elevated long-term mortality risks. Using data from the Human Mortality
Database and a register-based micro sample with main causes of death, we study men in the cohorts who participated in the
wars against the Soviet Union in 1939–1944. For these war cohorts, we find no indications of reduced survival after the early
1950s, as compared with male cohorts without combat experience. The absence of a long-term effect might be an artefact of
mortality selection. In the first few years after war-end, death rates remained relatively high because of infectious diseases
that killed off the weakest of the survivors. The results are in line with a series of other studies and illustrate that in
the potential presence of cohort inversion there are no visible long-term effects of war experience on later-life survival. 相似文献
410.
Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen seiner industrie?konomischen Forschung beabsichtigt das DIW Berlin das Verhalten von Unternehmen auf den Produktm?rkten
intensiver zu analysieren. In einem ersten Schritt soll der Zusammenhang zwischen Produktdiversifizierung, der Einführung
neuer Produkte und dem Erfolg von Unternehmen im verarbeitenden Gewerbe untersucht werden. Dies soll mit Hilfe einer ?konometrischen
Panelanalyse auf der Grundlage von Mikrodaten von Unternehmen erfolgen. Statt des in der Arbeitsmarktforschung üblichen Employer-Employee
Datensatzes wird für diesen Zweck ein Producer-Product Datensatz ben?tigt. Erstmals sollen diese Mikrodaten im Rahmen einer
Panelanalyse durch die Forschung ausgewertet werden. Dabei werden zwei getrennt durchgeführte Erhebungen, die Kostenstrukturerhebung
und die Produktionserhebung, für einzelne Unternehmen zusammengefasst. M?glich wird dieses Forschungsvorhaben durch die Nutzung
des auf Empfehlung der Kommission zur Verbesserung der informationellen Infrastruktur neu eingerichteten Forschungsdatenzentrums
(FDZ). Das vorliegende Papier berichtet über das Forschungskonzept und die bisher erfolgten Schritte bei der Nutzung der Forschungsdatenzentren
des Bundes und der L?nder am regionalen Standort Berlin.
Summary: For a better understanding of the strategies of firms on their product markets, the DIW Berlin intends to intensify the analysis on the relationship between product diversification, including the introduction of new products and the success of firms. It is planned to do this by applying econometric panel methods on micro level data for German manufacturing enterprises. For this objective, it is necessary to create a producer-product database. This affords the merging of two different datasets of the system of surveys in manufacturing for Germany. The cost structure survey supplies information on the operating surplus of individual firms, while the production survey supplies the information on the goods produced by these firms. Conducting such an ambitious project has now been made possible in using the newly installed Research Data Centres (FDZ) for Germany. This paper gives an overview on the research project and on first experiences with the use of the local Research Data Centre in Berlin.
相似文献