Right-wing extremist violence among adolescents in Germany

What are the preconditions for right-wing extremist violence among German youths? For several years, the rate of this violence has been increasing in Germany, and the same can be observed for right-wing extremist orientations characterized by the coming together of ideologies of unequal worth and the acceptance of violence as a mode of action. And although it is emphasized that approval of and willingness to use violence do not automatically lead to actual acts of violence, this article suggests that the existence of these convictions in society helps to legitimize attitudes that become expressed in violence, in particular among youths.This article presents a five-stage process model that portrays the underlying preconditions for acts of right-wing extremist violence, the contexts in which such violence takes place, and the factors that cause it to escalate. This structural model is used to outline central empirical findings of recent German quantitative and especially qualitative studies about right-wing extremist violent offenders. For analytical reasons, the basic elements of the process model (socialization, organization, legitimation, interaction, and escalation) are treated separately. The authors also examine right-wing extremist violence from a disintegrative perspective. Given that intersubjective recognition is an existential human need, right-wing extremist violence is understood as a "productive" way of dealing with individual recognition deficits. On the basis of the integration dimensions of social disintegration theory, three fundamental recognition needs are distinguished. Right-wing extremist violence can best be explained as a consequence of recognition deficits in all three central integration dimensions.     

Sexual practices and the duration of last heterosexual encounter: findings from the Australian longitudinal study of health and relationships

This study investigated the association between sexual practices and duration of a sexual encounter. Using data from a population-based computer-assisted telephone survey of 8,656 Australians aged 16 to 64 years, four distinct patterns of sexual practices among respondents were found: "basic sexual encounter" (involving mainly kissing, cuddling, stroking one's partner and being stroked, and vaginal intercourse), "basic sexual encounter plus oral sex," "all assessed sexual practices" (all sexual behaviors included in the survey), and "mainly vaginal intercourse" (characterized by lower levels of kissing, cuddling, and stroking). For both men and women, respondents classified in the basic sexual encounter plus oral sex, and all assessed sexual practices clusters reported significantly longer durations than those in the basic sexual encounter group, whereas respondents in the mainly vaginal intercourse cluster reported shorter durations. These differences were found even after allowing for demographic differences in sexual duration-specifically, age and partner type of the most recent opposite-sex partner. These findings add to the understanding of what typically happens in a sexual encounter. Overall, longer sexual encounters appear to be associated with the inclusion of the least common sexual practices-namely, oral sex and self-stimulation.     

Met needs and unmet needs, and satisfaction among Social HMO members

This article reports on a survey of 800 members of four Social HMO demonstration sites, who were receiving home-based, community-based, and short-term institutional services under the demonstration's expanded community care benefits. The survey asked whether members needed help in 11 areas, whether they received help in each area from an informal caregiver, whether they wanted more help from the Social HMO, and whether help provided by both was adequate. Satisfaction with the program and with service coordination was also assessed. The adequacy of informal care differed by problem area, as did the help desired from the Social HMO and its responsiveness. Members were less satisfied when they had weaker informal care, were African American, and when they received inadequate help from the plan with ADLs, transportation, medical access, and managing money. Members were more satisfied when they were professionals, home owners, knew their service coordinator's name (or how to contact her), and received help with their problems. The findings point to the importance of clarifying divisions of labor with informal caregivers, as well as possible expansions in responsibilities for service coordinators and benefits beyond traditional boundaries.     

A tobacco and alcohol use profile of San Francisco's Chinese community

Relatively little is known about Asian American tobacco and alcohol use patterns. This is particularly true of Chinese living in the United States--either U.S.-born or non-U.S.-born Chinese. This article presents data from a research project studying tobacco and alcohol use patterns in San Francisco's Chinese community. Data were secured both from focus groups and a self-report telephone survey of a random sample of 1,808 Chinese residents in San Francisco. This results indicate that the prevalence of both tobacco and alcohol use is lower for San Francisco's Chinese population than for the general population. Moreover, those persons who report smoking tend to be different from those who report consuming alcohol. The study concludes that specific, culturally relevant tobacco and alcohol prevention programs should be designed to better reach this target population.     

民主政治一定通向繁荣吗?——兼评“过渡学”

到底什么是民主国家,西方所谓的“过渡学”认为:推翻了权威主义独裁统治的国家就是民主国家。但是在大多数这样的民主国家,社会经济一败涂地、国家制度陷于瘫痪、暴力冲突此起彼伏、人民生活在水深火热之中,这样的民主化又有什么意义呢?突破“过渡学”的狭隘眼界,从关怀人类的宽阔视野来理解民主化,就成了本文作者要加以探讨的问题。     

实现可持续发展的障碍:欧洲和加拿大对高等教育的认识

“可持续发展”这个说法本身具有多种含义。在高等教育中 ,它被用来促进现有的政治、经济和官僚制度的延续。不过 ,它也被用于描述一种使高等教育机构对社会和环境负起更多责任的运动。后者正是本文所要讨论的问题。大学和其他高等教育机构应该把它们所讲授的内容付诸实践———从有关伦理道德和社会行为的概念到对平等和性别的看法。在大学需要注意的问题中 ,特别应该强调可持续发展问题。因为可持续发展不仅包含了上述伦理道德和社会行为方面的问题 ,而且要求优良的管理 ,并鼓励优良的学术实践。实现可持续发展的道路并非一帆风顺 ,而需要…     

蒙古语中的一个朝鲜语借词

蒙古人——大草原上的居民,一度曾征服过欧亚两洲,威震四海,与许多民族的语言和文化有过广泛的接触与交流。保留在蒙古语中大量的外来语反映了这一历史现象。翻阅一下莱辛编纂的词典(贡布扎布·杭锦为莱辛的助手),人们不难发现,蒙古语词汇中有不少是从其他多种语言借用的。虽然F.莱辛编纂的不是词源学词典,但是在他力所能及的条件下,尽     

改革与加入WTO对中国农业政策意味着什么

农业贸易问题在中国漫长的入世谈判中经常处于中心地位。许多主要分歧和难点问题都涉及农业 ,而入世则将要求中国农业政策的一系列改革。农业问题谈判中出现诸多困难在一定程度上是由于中国在其许多农产品的贸易政策上没有进行过改革。这一改革的延迟 ,加上ＷＴＯ农业规则的复杂性 ,使ＷＴＯ条款的落实也将非常复杂。当中国完全重新进入世界贸易体系时 ,它也将重返与关税及贸易总协定大体一致的农业贸易体制。乌拉圭回合农业协定对农业贸易政策提出一些严格的要求 ,而这一领域中中国所承诺的特殊规则将使它不能沿袭较早时候东亚那些神奇经济…     

苏联科学院社会科学情报所的社会科学数据库与国际情报交流:目前状况与发展趋势

欧洲大家庭和欧洲共同情报系统新的带有政治色彩的看法,再次使我们注意到这样的事实,即当今世界的情报交流是国际政治、经济、科学和技术关系、解决社会经济问题等方面正常发展的最重要的一个前提。劳动的分工、各个国家情报中心为有效的合作而做出的种种努力,将有助于这种系统的建立。但是,应该记住的是,平等的伙伴关系只有在双方(或各方)很好地发展互惠的情报技术和数据库的条件下才会产生。苏联科学院社会科学情报所(以下简称INION)的数据库已达到了这样的程度:该数据库拥有100多万个记录,且年增长速度为20万项。     

疫情后的世界政治和经济

新型冠状病毒大流行震动了世界,其漫长的阴影将伴随我们多年。它给人类带来了不可想象的挑战,并与一些负面的全球大趋势相互叠加。疫情后的世界将是多元的,面临多种发展路径的选择。发达国家的地位会相对下降,中美之间的紧张关系将加剧,地缘政治将有新的变化。市场与政府的协同作用会被改变,而不同制度之间的对抗将加剧。新自由资本主义与民粹资本主义殊途同归,无论哪一个都特别危险。我们需要通过以下三点来创造一个更好的未来:逐步向新实用主义过渡,采取温和的经济策略,在经济、社会和生态三个层面上实现可持续发展。