在公共服务递送中运营共同生产：服务蓝图的贡献

本文认为,公共服务应从以产品为主导的逻辑转向服务途径。通过采取服务导向,公共服务递送的经验性、组织间和系统性,以及作为共同生产者的服务使用者角色,将一同被考虑。论文将通过服务蓝图的应用,解释共同生产如何操作。并介绍了高等教育中的一个案例。在这一案例中,蓝图的创建将师生汇聚在一起,专注于学生入学的设计,从而改善学生体验,并支持共同生产。      

Opportunities for woman-initiated HIV prevention methods among female sex workers in southern China

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods. We report on ethnographic elicitation interviews conducted with women working within informal sex-work establishments (hotels, massage and beauty parlors, roadside restaurants, boarding houses). We discuss implications of these findings for further promotion of woman-initiated prevention methods such as microbicides and female condoms among female sex workers in China.     

The changing practice of eating: evidence from UK time diaries, 1975 and 2000

This paper examines some central themes about change in consumption behaviour through an empirical investigation of the practice of eating. It analyses patterns of food consumption in the UK using time diary data from 1975 and 2000. The practice of eating is decomposed into four component activities which are used to explore systematically the inter-relationships between social processes - such as commodification and temporal fragmentation - and ways of providing and consuming food. It charts the expansion of eating out, the degree to which it substitutes for other eating activities, and the implications of its development for social relations and the temporal organization of daily life. Analysis reveals that food consumption continues to be differentiated along established lines of social division, although the content of those divisions has changed and varies across components of the practice. Increasing commodification of the food chain is documented, but without appearing to have a corrosive impact on household organization or social relationships. While tendencies indicative of temporal fragmentation are revealed, counter-tendencies exist which suggest that the practice of eating is resilient to many forms of external pressure. Finally, the application of a practice-based analytical approach permits critical evaluation of theories of social transformation.     

The Transitional Discharge Model: comparing implementation in Canada and Scotland

Effective discharge planning is needed to facilitate clients' transition from psychiatric hospital wards to community care. Previous studies have shown that client outcomes can be improved by using a Transitional Discharge Model (TDM) that includes peer support and an extension of inpatient-practitioner relationships that are introduced prior to discharge. However, countries vary in many ways that may affect implementation of the model. This article describes some of the similarities and differences related to introducing transitional discharge in two countries: Canada and Scotland. It is important to elucidate facilitators and challenges in implementing the TDM to identify and disseminate strategies to aid implementation. Implications for future implementation of the model are also discussed.     

Met needs and unmet needs, and satisfaction among Social HMO members

This article reports on a survey of 800 members of four Social HMO demonstration sites, who were receiving home-based, community-based, and short-term institutional services under the demonstration's expanded community care benefits. The survey asked whether members needed help in 11 areas, whether they received help in each area from an informal caregiver, whether they wanted more help from the Social HMO, and whether help provided by both was adequate. Satisfaction with the program and with service coordination was also assessed. The adequacy of informal care differed by problem area, as did the help desired from the Social HMO and its responsiveness. Members were less satisfied when they had weaker informal care, were African American, and when they received inadequate help from the plan with ADLs, transportation, medical access, and managing money. Members were more satisfied when they were professionals, home owners, knew their service coordinator's name (or how to contact her), and received help with their problems. The findings point to the importance of clarifying divisions of labor with informal caregivers, as well as possible expansions in responsibilities for service coordinators and benefits beyond traditional boundaries.     

Unplanned sexual activity as a consequence of alcohol use: a prospective study of risk perceptions and alcohol use among college freshmen

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to show how risk perceptions regarding unplanned sexual activity following alcohol use are prospectively related to subsequent alcohol consumption. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate students (N = 380) completed questionnaires at 2 time points during their freshman year. METHODS: In the middle of the academic year (T1), students estimated their risk of engaging in unplanned sex and reported their alcohol use during the previous term. Four months later (T2), they again reported alcohol use and indicated whether they had engaged in unplanned sex since T1. RESULTS: Students who consumed more alcohol at T1 rated their risk of unplanned sex more highly, suggesting relative accuracy. Those with higher risk perceptions consumed more alcohol at T2 (controlling for T1 use), suggesting that they maintained the high-risk behavior. Last, those who were unrealistically optimistic (ie, estimated low risk at T1 yet had unplanned sex by T2) reported greater alcohol use at T2. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the role that risk perceptions regarding sexual activity may play in college students' alcohol use.     

亚洲的HIV/AIDS水平将达到撒哈拉以南非洲的水平吗?

尽管对于任何一种致数百万人死亡的疾病都应竭尽所能地予以斗争,对本文标题所提出问题的简短回答却是:"不".我10年以前在<社会科学与医学>(Social Science and Medicine)杂志的社论中第一次阐述了这个问题,至今这一观点没有发生变化,它所依据的是近期的一些相关报告.     

瑞典的知识环境为未来做好准备了吗?

瑞典的知识环境为未来做好准备了吗?瑞典的大学如何与其他国家的大学竞争?未来的大学应该如何管理?这是目前瑞典教学与研究研究院(The Swedish Institute for Studies in Education and Research,SISTER)战略研究所的项目"明日的知识环境"(Uni-Know)正在研究的课题.该项研究已进行了一年有余.     

隐喻的主要理论及指称述评

1.现代隐喻研究的五大流派 亚里士多德开创了隐喻研究的时代.他阐释了不同概念域的两个事物之间的联系,为后来的对比论奠定了基础.顾名思义,对比论就是拿一种事物与另一种事物相比较.据此,"Man is a wolf"相当于明喻"Man is like a wolf",只不过这里的"like"被省略了.因此,隐喻是一个简缩的明喻.     

匈奴种属考——就匈奴人种问题同林干教授商榷之一

本文针对林干教授在其论著中坚持的匈奴人种属欧罗巴种的观点提出了自己的见解。本文指出,林干教授所列举的汉初以后事实,根本不能解释“战国时期”匈奴人骨何以全部显示蒙古人种特征的问题;并用反证法证明匈奴人原本就属于蒙古人种。