Raymond Williams and sociology

The purpose of this article is to recover Williams as a major theoretical inspiration for the social sciences, specifically, as the inaugurator of what might be regarded as a research paradigm, cultural materialism. In the first section, Williams's encounter with the discipline of sociology is traced and distinguished as a critical alternative to the presently ascendant – at least in the USA – neo‐Durkeimian school of ‘cultural sociology’. In the second section, his cultural‐materialist programme is proposed as a powerful analytical framework for the study of culture and society today. In the final section, a key concept of Williams's cultural materialism, mobile privatization, is selected illustratively and proposed as a powerful analytical tool for studying the production and technological mediation of typical modes of communicative sociality in the early twenty‐first century.     

A polynomial equation to predict low back compression force: accounting for the effects of load height on instability

The purpose of this study was to develop a regression equation that, incorporating the potential energy of the load in the hands, was capable of improved predictions of spinal compression forces. A stepwise polynomial equation was developed from EMG profiles of 15 muscles, and its spinal joint loading predictions at L4/L5 were compared to current methods of calculating spinal compression. Absolute muscle activation was shown to increase with increased loading height, indicating that the central nervous system responds to changes in spinal stability. The inclusion of potential energy into the calculation of spinal disc compression at L4/L5 improved estimates of the compressive forces acting on the spine. This is the first model to incorporate potential energy into a predictive model for lumbar spine compression without the use of electromyography. It was concluded that potential energy plays a vital role in dictating the recruitment patterns of the trunk.     

新型城镇化进程中河北省城乡社区医疗卫生配套研究

新型城镇化建设的稳步推进及卫生体制改革的逐步深化,为河北省推进城乡社区医疗卫生发展改革带来了重大机遇,但河北省城乡社区医疗卫生配套状况仍然面临着重视不够、高水平人员短缺等问题。为此,应进一步加大城乡社区医疗卫生配套的宣传力度、建立并完善城乡社区高层次人才的制度机制、积极借鉴国外社区医疗卫生先进经验,以实现河北省城乡社区医疗卫生的可持续发展。     

区域经济差异与犯罪率的统计分析

本文通过对全国31个省的截面数据和15个省15年的面板数据分析,检验了不同区域的犯罪率与经济增长、流动人口规模、城市化水平在统计上的关系,结合相关理论分析了区域经济差异对犯罪率的影响并提出了相应的政策建议.     

美国银行信用风险与宏观经济变量的实证研究

以2005年到2012年美国综合银行不良贷款的相关数据为样本，对影响美国银行信用风险的宏观经济变量进行实证检验。研究结果表明：美国综合银行的信用风险水平比较高，其信用风险水平与失业率有着显著的强正相关关系，而与 GDP增长率、消费者物价指数增长率、生产者物价指数增长率和广义货币增长率无关。实际上，美国银行业的信用风险经过金融衍生品分散转化后并没有消除，只是被隐藏起来了，并且逐步累积。有鉴于此，提高我国银行业信用风险管理水平措施包括：一是着重研究宏观经济波动以及政策的实施对信用风险的影响；二是提高就业率，保持宏观经济环境的良好状态；三是借鉴西方发达国家较为成熟的理论体系，形成适合我国的风险管理控制方法；四是提高对住房贷款业务的风险认识；五是重视信用文化建设和银行信用制度创新。     

形式与意义，谁主沉浮？——对诗歌翻译形式与意义对等争论的思考

本文以诗歌翻译中形式对等和意义对等的对立立场为基础,从语言是形义结合的体系的角度,讨论了形式与意义的辩证关系.从基本原理出发,我们认为形式和意义既有对立也有统一.由于形式是表达意义的手段,故形式代表意义,并参与意义的建构.我们的结论是,诗歌翻译既要反映主题思想,又要给文体充分的重视.     

我国劳动力供给优势减弱与劳动力转移的优化

近年来，对于我国劳动力供给优势减弱以及劳动力成本上升的问题，不少学者利用刘易斯模型分析了其原因，并提出各种促进、完善我国农村剩余劳动力转移机制的政策措施。文章仍从分析这一问题的经典模型——刘易斯模型入手，但重点借鉴了日本的成功经验，为促进我国农村剩余劳动力转移提出了一系列对策。     

Social work and a love of humanity

Abstract

The idea of a ‘love of humanity’, though largely absent from social work literature, is a potent concept for challenging the dominant discourses of individual material wealth, greed and power. It can be associated with the postmodern agenda of emancipation from oppressive discourses of professional ‘expertise’. Love, or a ‘love of humanity’, has the same intent as formulations of social work grounded in postmodern critical theory, but it uses a different language. It uses a language of lived experience and personal commitment - a language that appeals to our hearts -a language passionate about, and incorporating, human rights and social justice.     

公共治理中的意识形态供给：一种交易费用分析

公共治理的目的是运用公共权力去引导、规范和控制公众的各种活动，运用公共权威维持政治秩序，实现公共资源配置的最优化与社会福利的最大化，最大限度地增进公共利益。由于公众的经济人理性不完全性，政府不得不投入大量资源和公众博弈，以维持保卫公共系统的存续。意识形态通过其无微不至的“观照”面孔和修辞技艺来形塑和开拓政治格局，说服人们相信社会生活就应该如此，诱发人们对政治系统的信任与偏好。意识形态的供给具有降低交易费用，促进政府和社会公众合作与协调发展的功用。     

论"弹性结构"对乡村革命、改良绩效的制约——以1927至1937年江西为例

1927至1937年,江西乡村社会在革命、改良的冲击之下,其变迁都具有明显的迁延性.出现这种结局的根本原因,就在于传统乡村社会存在着不易改变的"弹性结构",这种结构就像一张巨型的弹性之网,它可以在很大的程度上制约和消减农村革命与改良的绩效.