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231.
This article analyzes the role that empathy can play in improving intergroup relations. Three types of empathy are defined: cognitive empathy and twotypes of emotional empathy, reactive and parallel. Research indicating that empathy causes prosocial behavior is reviewed, along with studies indicating that training can be used to increase levels of empathic skills. Intergroup relations programs that employ empathy are also reviewed. Studies of the effects of empathizing with outgroup members on prejudice are discussed, andseveral processes by which empathy may mediate changes in prejudice are presented (e.g., reducing perceived dissimilarity and anxiety concerning the outgroup) and cognitive dissonance. The ways in which empathy can be introduced into intergroup relations programs are discussed, along with a series of recommendations for its implementation. 相似文献
232.
Tony Walter 《The Sociological review》2001,49(4):494-511
Where do mobile, individualistic members of modem Britain spontaneously congregate, eg, for public mourning, atid what does this tell us about the construction of solidarity and a sense of society? Where flowers were laid atid books of condoletice provided after the death of Princess Diana in 1997 provides a case study. A survey of 147 cities, towns and villages found that churches were important in cities and villages, but elsewhere, town halls, war memorials, shops and public buildings provided the magnets to bring people together. The role of war memorials and supermarkets is then examined in an analysis of the 1995 revival of the 11th November silence for the war dead. This indicates a) the payoff for companies in showing that they care, b) the impori;ance of practical logistics of space and time. In a plural and secular society, ritual ‘words against death’ become ‘silences against death.’ These congregations of contemporary nomads may not be full‐blown Durkheimian rites, but they are a representation of existing society at the same time as representing popular hope for a better society. 相似文献
233.
Walter Belluzzo 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2006,55(3):397-406
Summary. Contingent valuation researchers are often interested in a comparison of the underlying willingness-to-pay distributions in two independent studies. Since willingness to pay is not observable, traditional testing procedures for comparing distributions cannot be applied directly. The paper proposes a permutation test for this sort of comparison. The main distinguishing characteristic of the test proposed is that it does not rely on asymptotic approximations and facilitates the introduction of covariates. The permutation test is illustrated with the case of projects of investment for the improvement of two important Brazilian river basins. 相似文献
234.
Wymer Walter 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2002,13(1):92-94
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - 相似文献
235.
Monica L. Rodriguez Ozlem Ayduk J. Lawrence Aber Walter Mischel Anita Sethi Yuichi Shoda 《Social Development》2005,14(1):136-157
A prospective study examined the effects of maternal unresponsivity and of toddlers’ own negative affect on the child's subsequent ability to use effective attentional control strategies in preschool. Maternal and child behaviors were measured in situations that varied in the level of stress to test the hypothesis that behaviors in high stress situations would be more diagnostic of children's subsequent self‐regulatory behavior. As predicted, both maternal unresponsivity and toddlers’ negative affect, particularly in a high stress as opposed to a low stress situation, predicted children's later use of ineffective attentional control strategies. Similarly, maternal disengagement that occurred contingent to toddlers’ distress predicted ineffective attentional control strategies whereas maternal disengagement in response to toddlers’ non‐distress behaviors did not. The findings supported the utility of a contextual approach to understanding the impact of maternal and child characteristics on the development of self‐regulatory skills. 相似文献
236.
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238.
Margaret M. Canavan Walter J. Meyer Deborah C. Higgs 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1992,18(2):129-142
The occurrence of sibling incest is underrecognized, and its impact is debated. Professionals may be inadequately sensitized to its occurrence since it is considered less traumatic to victims than other forms of incest and assigning responsibility in such contact between minors is difficult. Survivors may be unlikely to reveal such a history because of guilt and shame. Four case presentations of females who expereinced sibling incest illustrate problem areas, including issues of enforced secrecy, interpersonal power differentials, influences on sexual development, individual aftereffects, disturbance in family dynamics, and genderbased differences in relationship styles. Recommendations for identification and treatment are included. 相似文献
239.
We analyze a simple arbitration procedure which is a multi-stage variant of Nash's demand game. In the absence of discounting, all Nash equilibria of the game yield the egalitarian solution in the first stage. The crucial feature of our arbitration procedure is that, in the case of incompatible demands, the game is allowed to continue and the player who demands the higher gain over the disagreement point is penalized by restricting her or his feasible demands in the following stage. Suitable modifications of the arbitration game yield the lexicographic extension of the egalitarian solution, resp. the proportional solutions. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C78.Financial support through grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the University of Waterloo is gratefully acknowledged. Earlier versions of the paper were presented at McMaster University and Brock University. The authors thank Nejat Anbarci, Michele Piccione, Venkatraman Sadanand, an editor, and the referees for their useful comments. 相似文献
240.