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51.
Wim Blockmans 《Theory and Society》2010,39(3-4):315-326
In Western Europe, cities grew fast between 1000 and 1300. This article looks at how the migrants moving to these emerging cities melded into communities and defended their collective rights in violent and hostile environments. It discusses a number of trust networks that were developed to meet the successive collective needs of particular social layers in rapidly changing urban societies. When a trust network became well-established and too large to allow face-to-face relations among all its members, institutions were created that operated under different rules. 相似文献
52.
Recent flood risk management puts an increasing emphasis on the public's risk perception and its preferences. It is now widely recognized that a better knowledge of the public's awareness and concern about risks is of vital importance to outline effective risk communication strategies. Models such as Risk Information Seeking and Processing address this evolution by considering the public's needs and its information-seeking behavior with regard to risk information. This study builds upon earlier information-seeking models and focuses on the empirical relationships between information-seeking behavior and the constructs of risk perception, perceived hazard knowledge, response efficacy, and information need in the context of coastal flood risks. Specific focus is given to the mediating role of information need in the model and to the differences in information-seeking behavior between permanent and temporary residents. By means of a structured on-line questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in the city of Ostend, one of the most vulnerable places to coastal flooding on the Belgian coast. Three hundred thirteen respondents participated in the survey. Path analysis reveals that information need does not act as a mediator in contrast to risk perception and perceived knowledge. In addition, it is shown that risk perception and perceived hazard knowledge are higher for permanent than temporary residents, leading to increased information-seeking behavior among the former group. Implications for risk communication are discussed. 相似文献
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54.
Social Indicators Research - Between 2008 and 2013, the Netherlands was confronted by a severe recession. This recession may have affected the job satisfaction of workers. Currently, little is... 相似文献
55.
56.
This paper examines the influence of college education on social trust at the individual level. Based on the literature of
trust and social trust, we hypothesize that life experience/development since adulthood and perceptions of cultural/social
structures are two primary channels in the causal linkage between college education and social trust. In the first part of
the empirical study econometric techniques are employed to tackle the omitted-variable problem and substantial evidence is
found to confirm the positive effect of college education. In the second part contemporary information is used to examine
the hypothetical mechanisms in the causal inference. That life experience is a primary channel via which college education
promotes social trust fails to find support in our examination, while individual perceptions of cultural and social structures
explain up to 77% of the causal effect. 相似文献
57.
Oorschot W van, Meuleman B. Welfarism and the multidimensionality of welfare state legitimacy: evidence from The Netherlands, 2006 Is it possible that citizens who support a substantial role for government in the provision of welfare are, at the same time, critical about specific aspects of such provision? Based on confirmatory factor analyses, and using a 2006 Dutch survey, this study shows that welfare state legitimacy is indeed multidimensional, i.e. that opinions tend to cluster together in several dimensions referring to various aspects of the welfare state. There is partial evidence for the existence of a single, underlying welfarism dimension which consists basically of views regarding the range of governmental responsibility, as well as of the idea that these governmental provisions do not have unfavourable repercussions in economic or moral spheres. However, the separate dimensions cannot be reduced entirely to this overall welfarism dimension. This is illustrated by the finding that the various attitude dimensions are affected differently by socio‐structural position and ideological dispositions. 相似文献
58.
Lisa Hermans Vahid Nassiri Geert Molenberghs Michael G. Kenward Wim Van der Elst Marc Aerts 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2018,47(5):1492-1505
This article is concerned with statistically and computationally efficient estimation in a hierarchical data setting with unequal cluster sizes and an AR(1) covariance structure. Maximum likelihood estimation for AR(1) requires numerical iteration when cluster sizes are unequal. A near optimal non-iterative procedure is proposed. Pseudo-likelihood and split-sample methods are used, resulting in computing weights to combine cluster size specific parameter estimates. Results show that the method is statistically nearly as efficient as maximum likelihood, but shows great savings in computation time. 相似文献
59.
In this study, we investigate the finite sample properties of the optimal generalized method of moments estimator (OGMME) for a spatial econometric model with a first-order spatial autoregressive process in the dependent variable and the disturbance term (for short SARAR(1, 1)). We show that the estimated asymptotic standard errors for spatial autoregressive parameters can be substantially smaller than their empirical counterparts. Hence, we extend the finite sample variance correction methodology of Windmeijer (2005) to the OGMME for the SARAR(1, 1) model. Results from simulation studies indicate that the correction method improves the variance estimates in small samples and leads to more accurate inference for the spatial autoregressive parameters. For the same model, we compare the finite sample properties of various test statistics for linear restrictions on autoregressive parameters. These tests include the standard asymptotic Wald test based on various GMMEs, a bootstrapped version of the Wald test, two versions of the C(α) test, the standard Lagrange multiplier (LM) test, the minimum chi-square test (MC), and two versions of the generalized method of moments (GMM) criterion test. Finally, we study the finite sample properties of effects estimators that show how changes in explanatory variables impact the dependent variable. 相似文献
60.
Catrin Finkenauer Rutger C. M. E. Engels Susan J. T. Branje Wim Meeus 《Journal of marriage and the family》2004,66(1):195-209
The present study developed a theoretical framework for understanding the social mechanisms underlying disclosure and its link with relationship satisfaction in a full family design. A study among 262 intact families, consisting of 2 children and 2 adults and involving 1,048 individuals, applied the social relations model. Results showed that disclosure was more important to satisfaction in horizontal relationships than vertical ones. Further, relationship‐specific disclosure was more important to satisfaction than dispositional disclosure. These results have implications for the examination of relationship regulation and maintenance in (non)voluntary relationships and the development of psychosocial problems in parent‐ child relationships. 相似文献