The Libertarian paradox: some further observations

It is shown that the weak Pareto principle consists of two parts: Pareto Neutrality and Weak Pareto Unanimity. It is the Pareto Neutrality which is responsible for the Paradox of the Paretian Libertarian. The libertarianism condition can also be factorized into two parts: the Libertarian Invariance and the Libertarian Non-Imposition. It is the Libertarian Invariance which is responsible or the Paradox of the Paretian Libertarian. Under conditions of Unrestricted Domain, Pareto Neutrality and Libertarian Invariance, if we require a social preference to be acyclic, then(1) neither can individuals' personal rights be respected, nor can they be reversed;(2) neither can unanimous group rights be respected, nor can they be reversed. Consequently, the Paradox of the Paretian Libertarian is due to the inconsistent use of information contained in the weak Pareto principle and the libertarianism condition.I would like to thank Nick Baigent, Prasanta Pattanaik, John Riley, Amartya Sen and Kotaro Suzumura for their comments. I would also like to thank two anonymous referees for their suggestions and comments on earlier drafts of the paper which led to a great improvement of the present version.     

基层医生中医药健康管理服务能力研究

了解基层医生现有中医药能力状况，针对基层中医药服务能力提升提出政策建议。通过多阶段分层抽样和典型抽样相结合的抽样方法，选取江苏省常州市、盐城市、徐州市、苏州市作为样本市，对样本地区所有基层卫生机构的医生开展问卷调查。结果表明，江苏省基层中医药普及工作有所成效，中医药服务在基层的需求较高。基层中医药服务仍面临着能力类型不全、部分能力水平不高的问题。应加强基层中医药人才队伍建设、补足中医适宜技术的能力短板并完善政策保障，借助技术手段进一步提升基层中医药健康管理服务能力。     

On Tiku's robust procedure — a Bayesian insight

Tiku's robust procedure for testing mean and variance from nonnormal universe is examined from the Bayesian viewpoint. The posterior distribution of the scale parameter is derived and then approximated by a Laguerre polynomial expansion while the posterior distribution of the location parameter is approximated by a linear combination of t-distributions. For the example with Darwin's data, the approximations appear to be extremely good.     

Graduate Training and Initial Job Placement*

This study examines the extent to which professional credentials accrued during graduate school are related to postgraduate employment. The undergraduate and graduate records, demographic characteristics, and initial job placements of 711 Ph.D. recipients from the University of California, Santa Barbara, are analyzed. We find that several aspects of graduate training (e.g., holding research assistantships) have greater influence on the initial placement of women than men. Further, coauthored publications with the mentor influence the initial placement of men and women somewhat differently. Given the importance of initial placement in determining career productivity (e.g., Long and McGinnis, 1981; Reskin, 1978). these differences may have considerable impact on professional life chances.     

系统创新:政府的协调、对接与引导

系统创新是政府主导,市场资源配置及各类创新主体有效互动的过程。本文从系统创新的视角,重点论述了在建设创新型城市及产业结构调整中的制度、政策等系统因素,探讨了政府主导作用的内在机理,并通过对建设创新型城市及企业创新过程中的"系统失灵"等现实问题的讨论,诠释了政府在创新中的主导地位及作用。     

红桥修禊与清代士人之心态流变

修禊作为一种古老的祭祀风俗,在历史的流变中逐渐转化为一种文人雅集的重要形式。从闻名古今的兰亭修禊开始,修禊不断地被后世文人所模仿,留下了众多的千古佳话。文章以清朝王士禛、孔尚任、卢见曾所举行的几次著名的红桥修禊为例,通过这几次文人禊集中流传下来的诗文词赋,揭示出清代文人的精神风貌和生活情趣,及在不同时期士人心态的流变。     

On drift parameter estimation in models with fractional Brownian motion

We consider a stochastic differential equation involving standard and fractional Brownian motion with unknown drift parameter to be estimated. We investigate the standard maximum likelihood estimate of the drift parameter, two non-standard estimates and three estimates for the sequential estimation. Model strong consistency and some other properties are proved. The linear model and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model are studied in detail. As an auxiliary result, an asymptotic behaviour of the fractional derivative of the fractional Brownian motion is established.     

Threshold‐free estimation of functional antibody titers of a group B streptococcus opsonophagocytic killing assay

Opsonophagocytic killing assays (OPKA) are routinely used for the quantification of bactericidal antibodies in blood serum samples. Quantification of the OPKA readout, the titer, provides the basis for the statistical analysis of vaccine clinical trials having functional immune response endpoints. Traditional OPKA titers are defined as the maximum serum dilution yielding a predefined bacterial killing threshold value, and they are estimated by fitting a dose‐response model to the dilution‐killing curve. This paper illustrates a novel definition of titer, the threshold‐free titer, which preserves biological interpretability while not depending on any killing threshold or on a postulated shape of the dose‐response curve. These titers are shown to be more precise than the traditional threshold‐based titers when using simulated and experimental group B streptococcus OPKA experimental data. Also, titer linearity is shown to be not measurable when using threshold‐based titers, whereas it becomes measurable using threshold‐free titers. The biological interpretability and operational characteristics demonstrated here indicate that threshold‐free titers are an appropriate tool for the routine analysis of OPKA data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.