规制俘获理论述评

规制俘获理论彻底批判了早先的公共利益理论,重新阐释了政府实行规制的目的,明确了政治供给和政治需求的相互联系;并且分析了在规制俘获过程中,利益集团的行为和政府规制者的反应;此外,规制俘获理论也计量和测度了出现规制俘获而造成的社会福利损失;更有意义的是,学者们正在从契约和组织构建等角度,尝试设计一系列阻止规制俘获发生的组织机制.     

建制民族志——一种新的方法视角

由Dorothy Smith创建的建制民族志(Institutional Ethnography)最初是为建构女性主义知识而提出的,它坚持社会本体论、知识论和方法论的实践取向.建制民族志作为一种新的方法视角,有三个与其他民族志不同的显著特点:一是在日常生活经验中探索问题,不预先设定研究结果;二是不把田野中的任何经验现象看作是静态的、在地的,而是探讨建构经验的社会关系,揭示在地实践与越地支配之间的隐形建构关系,为理解田野经验提供更为深广的社会背景,从而为在地人的境遇改善提供知识支持;三是在一般民族志的基础上吸收了质性研究的新成果,如重视组织分析、文本分析及权力与话语分析等.     

英汉感知虚构运动事件的路径语义对比分析——基于小型自建语料库

基于Talmy的运动事件理论框架,以“V across”结构为例分别自建英汉语料库来分析英汉语在路径表达上的差异,解读感知路径背后的认知机制。结果发现：第一,英汉语感知运动主要以视觉运动为主,听觉运动居于次位,其他感官的运动较少,且听觉运动与视觉运动相融合,形成通感隐喻;第二,英语视觉与听觉感知运动路径的编码均以矢量义为主,而汉语在编码视觉运动路径时主要以构形义为主,但汉语在编码听觉运动时,其矢量义使用比例则高于构形义。因此汉语在表征视觉路径时更凸显焦点与背景的相对位置;第三,感知虚构运动是由于体验者发挥主观想象力进行动态模拟和识解的结果。     

Applications of Bayesian statistical methodology to clinical trial design: A case study of a phase 2 trial with an interim futility assessment in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Development of new pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis that address unmet medical needs in a competitive market place is challenging. Bayesian approaches to trial design offer advantages in defining treatment benefits by addressing clinically relevant magnitude of effects relative to comparators and in optimizing efficiency in analysis. Such advantages are illustrated by a motivating case study, a proof of concept, and dose finding study in patients with osteoarthritis. Patients with osteoarthritis were randomized to receive placebo, celecoxib, or 1 of 4 doses of galcanezumab. Primary outcome measure was change from baseline WOMAC pain after 8 weeks of treatment. Literature review of clinical trials with targeted comparator therapies quantified treatment effects versus placebo. Two success criteria were defined: one to address superiority to placebo with adequate precision and another to ensure a clinically relevant treatment effect. Trial simulations used a Bayesian dose response and longitudinal model. An interim analysis for futility was incorporated. Simulations indicated the study had ≥85% power to detect a 14‐mm improvement and ≤1% risk for a placebo‐like drug to pass. The addition of the second success criterion substantially reduced the risk of an inadequate, weakly efficacious drug proceeding to future development. The study was terminated at the interim analysis due to inadequate analgesic efficacy. A Bayesian approach using probabilistic statements enables clear understanding of success criteria, leading to informed decisions for study conduct. Incorporating an interim analysis can effectively reduce sample size, save resources, and minimize exposure of patients to an inadequate treatment.     

一种微波波导电缆拉制机用计算机控制系统

针对一种自行研制并投入实际应用的椭圆波导拉制机用计算机控制系统,介绍了其系统结构设计、功能设计与有关软、硬件的具体实现方法。该系统在单片机控制系统的控制下,自动完成椭圆波导电缆的拉制。经过试运行表明,系统能满足设计和使用要求。     

二元对立与系统价值--对索绪尔语言哲学的诠释与思考

本文讨论了瑞士语言学家索绪尔<普通语言学教程>中的语言哲学思想.索氏理论一方面体现了西方哲学的二元对立传统,诸如对于语言与言语、能指与所指、共时语言研究与历时语言研究以及句段关系与联想关系的二元划分,另一方面也阐明了语言符号的系统价值属性.本文即从这两点入手,对索绪尔的语言学理论进行深入研究.     

Assessing the Impact of Population Dynamics on Poverty Measures: A Decomposition Analysis

Social Indicators Research - Reducing income inequality is one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals recently announced by United Nations. A relative poverty concept adopted by...     

中国城乡一体化进程研究与评估

从近几年的发展态势来看,中国城市城乡一体的全域城市稳步发展,正处于城乡一体的初现阶段向快速发展阶段的转换阶段,城乡一体发展呈金字塔型、层次性、梯度性分布,但区域内城市发展差距趋向收敛。缘于中国城市的发展历史和所处的发展阶段,在287个内陆城市中,大多数城市的城乡一体发展水平较低。城乡要素互动水平较低,忽视农村孤立发展城市的局面在多数城市依然存在,城乡之间缺乏有效、科学、合理的统一规划,城乡网络体系仍在构建之中,城乡隔离现象严重,城乡公共服务、基础设施等方面的差距明显,城乡差距较大,城市化进程难以满足工业化进程要求。     

浅析医患关系中患者的知情同意权

知情同意权在医患关系中的应用具有特殊的内涵,其外延范围也十分广泛。实施不到位,既损害患者的利益,也给医方埋下隐患。本文将对知情同意权的来源、目的、法理依据以及在医疗实践中的应用进行探讨,以加深对知情同意权的理解。在医疗实践中更好地执行知情同意权,有利于增强医务人员的责任意识,明确患者的权利范围,减少和避免因知情同意权而产生的纠纷。     

Understanding immigrant internal publics of organizations: Immigrant professionals’ adaptation and identity development

ABSTRACT

Immigrant professionals (IPs) compose important internal publics in U.S. organizations. This study examined the processes of intercultural identity development through IPs’ stress, adaptation, and intercultural communication competence, as well as the outcomes of such identity development. Twenty-three interviews with Indian IPs in a major southern cosmopolitan area in the United States revealed three types of stressors: insufficiency in culture-specific knowledge and skills, ineffective expression, and imbalance in home and host social communication. Adaptation responses included active language and culture learning, perspective taking, compromising, ignoring, passive acceptance, and active initiating and participating in social interactions. Further, IPs demonstrated three major types of intercultural identities: integrated with both cultures, non-integrated (leaning more toward either home or host culture), and ambivalent (feeling rootless and uncertain about what culture to teach their children). In the context of intercultural identity development, the concepts of avowed and ascribed identities become even more nuanced. This study contributes to research in public relations by deepening the understanding of organizations’ immigrant internal publics and facilitating more effective relationship management with these publics.