条约框架内的维权努力:清末民初华洋诉讼双轨理案体制之构建

20世纪初清政府以收回领事裁判权为其重要目的开始进行司法改革,在地方设立各级审判厅。审判厅设立后开始受理华洋诉讼,遂产生了一种新的理案模式。为抵制领事裁判权、维护法权,清政府构建了一种双轨理案体制,但尚不完善。民初的中国政府则在此基础上继续加以发展和完善。清末民初华洋诉讼双轨理案体制的构建,是中国政府在条约框架内抵制领事裁判权、维护法权的一种尝试和努力,起到了迫使外人逐渐放弃观审权,从而形成对领事裁判权的局部冲击的积极作用,其意义不容忽略。     

《古诗十九首》意境创造的悲情倾向及多重性特征探究

意境的创造离不开情与景两大因素以及由情景融合而产生的审美想象空间。换个角度思考,就是说意境的创造必须能很好地表达作者的某种情感倾向,且意境创造的特征应具有多重性。《古诗十九首》意境的创造就是这种创作理论的典型实践,《古诗十九首》呈现出情景交融的表现方法特征、虚实相生的结构特征、韵味无穷的审美特征。《古诗十九首》还开创了悲情意境创造的先河,成就了它"汉代五言诗之冠冕"的美誉。     

句式中介词结构漂移的语篇语用解释

句式具有语篇功能,语篇功能制约句法结构。文章主要考察了否定句、假设句、条件句、时间状语从句句中介词结构的分布,这些句式在语篇中具有非现实性,不在叙述的主线上,属于背景信息,具有低及物性的特点。介词结构在小句中的漂移受及物性决定,高及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词后,而低及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词前。通过溯因推理,介词结构在这些特殊句式中只能处在主谓之间,处在动词之后不合语法。研究发现,真实语篇语料的考察证实了这一推测。     

深圳特区产业结构变迁与经济增长

通过对深圳市1979—2009年的经济统计数据进行回归与图表分析,描述深圳市的产业结构状况及其形成过程,指出了深圳开Z30年来虽经济成就斐然,但产业结构相比20世纪90年代仍无实质改变。文章依据分析思路认为深圳尤应加速推进产业结构转换、升级,提升第三产业产值在GDP中的比重,形成更高效率经济增长方式并优化产业结构,从而实现经济体的现代化转型。     

西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

我国高校扩招后办学效率和生产率的变化

高校扩招时期我国高等教育的快速发展是否属于“粗放型”？高校办学规模减速后是否逐步走上了内涵式发展道路？本文以教育部直属高校为分析对象,采用DEA-Malmquist指数分析并回答这两个问题.研究发现,高校扩招至2006年之前,教育部直属高校的快速发展属于有质量的增长,这一时期全要素生产率的大幅提升与技术进步和技术效率改善都有关系,但技术进步的贡献更大.2006年之后,由于技术进步的促进作用逐步消失,以及追赶效应的“自然衰老”,生产率的增长出现明显的放缓.但是,如果考虑有质量的产出,2006年后技术效率的下降幅度并不明显,这在一定程度上验证了内涵式发展目标的成效.     

略谈新形势下高校青年志愿者服务工作

本文分析当前大学生青年志愿服务工作面临的机遇和挑战,并提出建设高校青年志愿服务工作的应对措施。     

歧义容忍度与学习策略的关系研究

歧义容忍度是指外语学习过程中碰到不确定心理上的容忍程度,它成为影响外语学习的一个重要的因素。调查非英语专业学生歧义容忍度与英语学习策略之间的关系,分析了歧义容忍度水平不同的学生的学习策略使用差异,说明歧义容忍确实是影响学生选择和使用学习策略的一个重要因素。     

语言的“不可译性”简析

语言的“不可译性”既有“文化不可译性”与“语言不可译性”之分,也有“相对不可译性”与“绝对不可译性”之别,应该具体分析和区别对待。研究语言的“不可译性”,有利于进一步了解不同语言和文化的异同,也有助于进一步探讨翻译理论,尤其是翻译标准。     

"回回识宝"型故事试析——"他者"视角下回回形象的透视

"回回"作为一个指代特定人群的名称,在传统汉族社会中长期扮演着"他者"的角色,而这种认知的形成又和汉族对早先胡人的历史记忆紧密相关.这生动地反映在汉族社会中长期流传不辍的"回回识宝"型故事里,本文通过对该类故事的源流发展及演变规律的考察,揭示了传统汉族社会是如何从以往的历史记忆中寻求资源并与现时相整合从而构建出大众话语中的回回形象.