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951.
M.C. Jones 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1993,35(3):319-326
The performance of kernel density estimation, in terms of mean integrated squared error, is investigated in the opposite of the usual situation, namely when the bandwidth is large. This affords noteworthy insights including the special role taken by the normal density function as kernel and a tie-in with ‘semiparametric’ approaches to density estimation. 相似文献
952.
The invertebrate fauna in artificial urban habitats has yet to be systematically investigated. The current field study in
central Ohio was undertaken to assess the numbers and types of macroinvertebrates in mulched and unmulched plots during a
one-year period. Invertebrates quickly infiltrated the plots with bare soil (control) and any of four types of mulch (shredded
hardwood, shredded recycled wood, pine bark mini-nuggets, and pea gravel). One month after establishing the plots, invertebrates
were present in numbers comparable to subsequent months. Invertebrates found in the plots were primarily saprophytic taxa:
millipedes (32.6%), segmented worms (19.8%), isopods (6.7%), and various beetle families (1.5%). Predatory taxa included centipedes
(9.8%), ants (9.7%), carabid beetles and staphylinid beetles (7.3%), and spiders (0.9%). Types of invertebrates were similar
in all ground cover types, but numbers of invertebrates differed significantly. Invertebrates were present year-round in mulched
plots, and plots with organic mulch harbored significantly more invertebrates than plots mulched with pea gravel. Bare soil
always contained the fewest number of invertebrates. There was no significant difference in numbers of invertebrates based
on the cardinal side of the building. 相似文献
953.
Catherine Powell 《Child Abuse Review》2003,12(1):25-40
Through the application of the Delphi technique, this study draws on the expertise of British child protection academics and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines in seeking to develop a consensus opinion on possible early indicators of child abuse and neglect. The search for early indicators is described in the context of a secondary preventative approach to the problem of child maltreatment. A very tentative conclusion arising from the study is that the early indicators of child abuse and neglect that achieved consensus of agreement may help in diagnosing child abuse and neglect at an earlier stage, although they are not necessarily diagnostic. Alternative explanations, differential diagnoses and information‐gathering are paramount, as is a willingness and ability to act on concerns. Although great caution is urged, it is suggested that the findings from the study are credible and of interest to those who are working towards more timely recognition and referral of abused and neglected children. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
954.
Margaret Jones 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》1987,8(3):131-136
This paper looks at peer relationship problems in children and adolescents from a systemic point of view. The way in which family members typically become involved in these problems and the manner in which their involvement can contribute to maintenance of the difficulties, are discussed. The object of family intervention becomes to bring the child into direct positive relationship with peers whilst involving the family to support the child's initiative and independence, rather than the child's dependence on them, for solutions to problems. Six strategies which have been helpful to families are explained by way of illustration. The therapist's role in the process is also illustrated. 相似文献
955.
Wu AM Tang CS 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):709-724
The French items of the Gambling Motivation Scale (GMS) were first developed and validated by Chantal and colleagues in 1994.
The scale then became one of the most widely used motivational scales in the gambling literature of the West. The present
study recruited 932 Chinese university students in order to validate the Chinese version of the Gambling Motivation Scale
(C-GMS). The results of a confirmatory factor analysis of the Chinese data supported the 7-factor model as proposed by Chantal
et al. (Soc Leis 17:189–212, 1994). This study also found a second-order model with three major factors, which corresponded to three types of gambling motivation
including self-determined motivation (for knowledge, for accomplishment, for stimulation, and due to identified regulation), non self-determined motivation (due to introjected regulation and external regulation), and amotivation. All subscales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, and showed significant correlations with gambling correlates
such as problem gambling symptoms and gambling intention. In sum, the C-GMS showed adequate psychometric properties and can
be extended for use with Chinese populations. 相似文献
956.
Using electrocardiogram data with 78 six‐month‐old infants, this study examined the presence or absence of brief orienting bradycardia during the onset of maternal arm‐restraint and subsequent differences between infants on behavioral organization during restraint. Results showed that 45 of the infants exhibited brief episodes of bradycardia at the onset of arm‐restraint. Group comparisons showed infants exhibiting bradycardia to have greater emotional reactivity during the arm‐restraint protocol, which included a shorter latency to cry, decreased orientation toward mother, increased escape attempts during restraint, greater intensity of crying, and longer duration of crying than non‐bradycardiac infants. These findings suggest that bradycardia at the outset of a mild perturbation episode may signal infants’ attention to the emotional content of novel dyadic interactions and the disruption of expectancies in ongoing interactions, leading them to become distressed more quickly, turn their attention away from mom, and attempt to escape the restraint with greater vigor. 相似文献
957.
Canadian law protects people from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, but our public schools do not fulfill their ethical and legal obligations where sexual and gender minority youth are concerned. This article reports on a national survey study on homophobia and transphobia in Canadian high schools. Participants (n = 3,607) were questioned about school climate, harassment, school attachment, and institutional interventions. We found that schools were neither safe nor respectful for sexual and gender minority students, and we argue that ongoing exposure to this situation undermines students' respect for the Charter of Rights and their faith in adults. 相似文献
958.
Warren BJ 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2011,49(10):22-29
Bullying has become a worldwide phenomenon that produces serious individual and societal consequences when it is ignored. There are two sides of the coin that require consideration when psychiatric-mental health (PMH) nurses conduct assessments of situations that involve bullying behaviors. Both the bully and the bullied can incur serious, negative, and debilitating psychological effects. In some cases, physical injury and/or death occurs as a result of bullying. Deciphering the biopsychosocial mental health issues associated with bullying is challenging. PMH nurses have the clinical expertise to develop coping interventions and strategies that stop bullying, as well as enhance the mental health and wellness of both those who bully and who are bullied. This article presents PMH nursing biopsychosocial strategies for both sides of the bullying coin. Exemplars are provided to aid implementation of the strategies. 相似文献
959.
Older adults face a daunting task: while continuing engagements in multiple relationships, investment in their own and others' futures, and developing life interests and capacities, they also reexamine and sometimes reconfigure the place where their social lives and objects are housed. Some relocate, downsize, to a new smaller place and reducing possessions to ensure an environment supportive of their capacities and desired daily activities. This article examines how key contours of the experiences of place during residential downsizing are infused with unexpectedly heightened awareness and cultivation of one's sense of place in multiple timeframes. In a discovery mode, the downsizing stories of 40 older adults in southeast Michigan are examined. Findings indicate conflicting temporalities and the natures of cognitions related to decision-making and thinking about being leave-taking and being in place. Findings also highlight in particular how making sense of one's place is predicated on notions of its time, of being on time and downsizing on time. Further, these characterizations of the lived worlds of older adults' modes of conceptualizing the nature of downsizing show how an understanding of the meaningfulness of place in later life relocations requires a layered sense of home as places-in multiple timelines. 相似文献
960.
Recent research has demonstrated the devastating impact of female-perpetrated psychological aggression in intimate relationships broadly and dating relationships specifically. With the perpetration of psychological aggression in dating relationships occurring at shockingly high rates, prevention programming for dating violence should target this form of aggression. Toward this end, it is important to understand the antecedent conditions that increase one's risk for perpetrating psychological aggression. This study sought to examine two possible risk factors for perpetrating psychological aggression among female undergraduates (N = 145), namely, emotion regulation and trait anger. Findings showed that difficulties with emotion regulation and trait anger were associated with increased psychological aggression perpetration, and trait anger mediated the link between emotion regulation and psychological aggression. Implications of these findings for prevention programming and future research are discussed. 相似文献