Adult Drug Treatment Courts: A Review

Drug treatment courts (DTCs), an alternative to traditional criminal courts, provide an innovative way to legally process some drug offenders. The origin and recent growth of the drug court system in the USA can be explained as an unintended consequence of a failing 'war on drugs'. In this article, we discuss the spread of adult DTCs throughout the USA, the main components of drug courts, controversies surrounding DTCs, and some criticisms of drug courts. We summarize the recent evaluations of adult DTCs, and highlight various DTC factors that have been found to reduce individual drug use and criminal activity. We also offer suggestions for future research on DTCs and conclude with policy recommendations.     

浅谈网络德育的重要性

面对网络时代的到来,如何在新的时代更好地把握时代脉搏,探索新的育人之路,是学校德育工作的重大课题,更是新时期班主任必须关注的一个新的课题;培养青少年正确的信息道德观是全社会的重大责任,关键在于形成一个社会、学校、家庭、媒体各方面结合的网络道德教育体系。     

丰水区筑坝截流——调丰补歉

该文从中国人口快速增长、经济建设加快、用水量逐年增大 ,加上气候变暖、少雨干旱将持续到 2 0 15年 ,我国北方水生态环境日趋恶化现状 ,说明在丰水区筑坝截流、调丰补歉势在必行 ,完全符合生态经济学发展原则和国际水法     

义和团的三大革命口号及其历史定位

通过对义和团运动中“反清复明”——“扶清灭洋”——“扫清灭洋”三大革命口号的具体分析,阐明义和团战士的三次历史行为并确立其在中国农民革命斗争史上的历史地位,为进一步认清义和团反帝爱国的斗争性质及其伟大历史作用提供一个比较新颖的视角空间。     

佛山社会保险制度改革：成绩·问题·建议

十年来佛山市对社会保险制度不断进行深层的改革,为全国社会保险制度改革作出了可贵的探索,被誉为“佛山模式”．课题组的调查研究表明,佛山现行的社会保险制度仍然存在一些问题,仍然适应不了经济改革与社会发展的需要,必须对之进行更进一步的改革。     

用XPS和AES研究MoS_4~(2-)在钢铁表面的配位化学反应

本文研究MoS_4~(2-)在钢铁表面发生配位化学反应所形成的具有装饰效果的多种彩色Mo-S-Fe表面簇合物膜。FI-IR、F-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES分析表明,簇合物膜由Fe、Mo、S、O元素组成,在膜表面铁以Fe(Ⅲ)、钼以Mo(Ⅵ)状态存在,而在膜内层以Fe(Ⅱ)、Mo(Ⅳ)和Mo(Ⅵ)共存,S和O都呈-2介,膜表面含少量 4、 6价硫。从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了各组元素的相对原子百分浓度和膜层厚度,反应时间越长,膜越厚,膜为多分层子结构。加热后膜层所含元素种类及价态不变,但其元素分布有所改变。     

Sustainability of family planning and health projects

USAID has assisted the Ghanian Ministry of Health since 1991 to boost family planning services under the Ghana Family Planning and Health Project by providing supplies and information and increasing the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. The sustainability of the health system is endangered by favoring capital expenditures in lieu of continuous expenditures; the lack of linkage between project activities and regular activities; the centralization of resource flow; and too ambitious targeting. Capital outlays provided by USAID featured in the construction of four public health laboratories, but their operation also requires continuous financing amounting to about 10% of the whole investment. The latter is the responsibility of the government, although the details of these recurrent costs were not detailed at the outset and providing these funds for continuous operation may impair the operation of other systems. The resource constraints could be alleviated by an effective cost-recovery system or by the general improvement of the economy. The lack of linkage between project and regular activities is serious at regional and district levels. The centralization of resource flow means that most resources are kept for headquarter level activities, thus other activities suffer and the health sector becomes excessively reliant on donor support. Too ambitious planning stems from pressure on donors and hastily implemented projects result in duplication and waste. Closer consultation with the parties involved would improve the situation. The rivalry of technical and policy groups has contributed to past deficiencies. Double funding for the same activity has also occurred further increasing the dependence on donor funding. By concentration on people and systems sustainability would be enhanced, while cost recovery would help the operation of the laboratories. The Health Education Unit (HEU) recognized the importance of IEC and obtained financing for such activities.     

Žumberak: A Sixteenth-Century Refugee Settlement Zone

This article examines the movement of Orthodox Christian refugees from Bosnia to the Habsburg Monarchy in the 1530s and their settlement in a district called ?umberak. The movement of these Uskoks has never been examined in the context of refugee studies. This study of a refugee movement and settlement over a five-century period offers the possibility of reaching a better understanding of the long-term outcome of refugee movements. Ultimately, this article suggests that the refugees affected the land they settled as much as the settlement zone affected them, and that, in this case, the refugees were able to define their own outcome.     

Global liberalization on homosexuality: Explaining the African gap

We are trapped in two divergent worlds when it comes to global views on homosexuality. There is the liberal world epitomized by Spain and other nations, where homosexuality is increasingly accepted; gays and lesbians are claiming their human rights; and laws are changing to codify that transformation. The second is the extremely anti-gay world symbolized by Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia, where attitudes are favorable to criminalization. This research explains the “African Gap” in attitudes toward homosexuality in a comparative analysis of six African nations and Argentina and Canada, South and North America's most liberal nations on gay rights. Using Pew's 2015 Spring Global Attitudes Survey data, we find that the major variables have essentially similar effects on opinion in any context. Africa's distinction is explained by its comparatively higher levels of factors such as religion, morality dogma, and low socioeconomic status that generally retard support for homosexuality, at the same time of lower levels of factors such as education, urbanization, and personal liberty that increase gay support. Africa's extreme anti-gay outlook is mutable. Two social forces will facilitate this softening: expansion of liberalizing agents such as education and urbanization, and repositioning away from “traditionalism” toward modernism emphasizing individualism, civil rights, and personal liberties.